<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-other-25250</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Peruvian Amazonia Miocene Freshwater Bivalve Oxygen Isotope Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Kaandorp, R.J.G.; Vonhof, H.B.; Wesselingh, F.P.; Pittman, L.R.; Kroon, D.; van Hinte, J.E.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Peruvian Amazonia Miocene Freshwater Bivalve Oxygen Isotope Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2005-01-03</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25250</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.J.G.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kaandorp</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>H.B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Vonhof</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>F.P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wesselingh</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>L.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Pittman</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kroon</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>van Hinte</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>others</Term>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>16000000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-3.4994</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-3.4994</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-73.09583</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-73.09583</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>South America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Peru</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>Peruvian Amazonia&gt;LATITUDE -3.4994&gt;LONGITUDE -73.09583</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>
    <Author>Ron J.G. Kaandorp, Hubert B. Vonhof, Frank P. Wesselingh, Lidia Romero Pittman, Dick Kroon, Jan E. van Hinte</Author>
    <Publication_Date>2005</Publication_Date>
    <Title>Seasonal Amazonian rainfall variation in the Miocene Climate Optimum</Title>
    <Series>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</Series>
    <Volume>221</Volume>
    <Issue>1-2</Issue>
    <Pages>1-6</Pages>
    <DOI>10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.12.024</DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018204006741</Online_Resource>
  </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Modern and fossil freshwater bivalves from north-eastern Peru are investigated to reconstruct seasonal rainfall patterns in Miocene Amazonia. Oxygen isotope variation in incremental growth bands of fossil bivalves reflects past hydrological conditions in the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO), when the world was warmer than today. A calibration experiment was conducted on a modern bivalve. Modern river dwelling Triplodon corrugatus shows large amplitudinal changes in d18O, which mirror the seasonal variation in rainfall as a result of the annual migration cycle of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Growth incremental oxygen isotope records of Miocene Amazonian Diplodon aff. longulus bivalves show strikingly similar patterns. This suggests that the seasonal migration of the ITCZ and the intensity of the hydrological cycle in the MCO were comparable to today. The implications are that humid climate conditions sufficient to sustain a rainforest ecosystem already existed ~16 Ma ago. 
          STUDY NOTES: Peruvian Amazonia Miocene Freshwater Bivalve Oxygen Isotope Data</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kaandorp2005/kaandorp2005.txt</URL>
    <Description>Data File; Peruvian Amazonia Miocene Freshwater Bivalve d18O Data</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
