noaa-recon-10426 European 1400 Year Spring-Summer Temperature Reconstructions Guiot, J.; Corona, C. European 1400 Year Spring-Summer Temperature Reconstructions 2010-05-21 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10426 Investigator J. Guiot Investigator C. Corona earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,Apr-Sep,climate reconstructions,anomalized,analogue method,N,reference period: 1961-1990 AD earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction Medieval Warm Period 600 AD 2007 AD 1350 cal yr BP -57 cal yr BP Complete 35 70 -25 40 Continent Europe Europe>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

325 Broadway, E/NE31

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Guiot, J., C. Corona, and ESCARSEL members. 2010. Growing Season Temperatures in Europe and Climate Forcings Over the Past 1400 Years. PLoS ONE 5(4):e9972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009972

Background: The lack of instrumental data before the mid-19th-century limits our understanding of present warming trends. In the absence of direct measurements, we used proxies that are natural or historical archives recording past climatic changes. A gridded reconstruction of spring-summer temperature was produced for Europe based on tree-rings, documentaries, pollen assemblages and ice cores. The majority of proxy series have an annual resolution. For a better inference of long-term climate variation, they were completed by low-resolution data (decadal or more), mostly on pollen and ice-core data. Methodology/Principal Findings: An original spectral analog method was devised to deal with this heterogeneous dataset, and to preserve long- term variations and the variability of temperature series. So we can replace the recent climate changes in a broader context of the past 1400 years. This preservation is possible because the method is not based on a calibration (regression) but on similarities between assemblages of proxies. The reconstruction of the April-September temperatures was validated with a Jack-knife technique. It was also compared to other spatially gridded temperature reconstructions, literature data, and glacier advance and retreat curves. We also attempted to relate the spatial distribution of European temperature anomalies to known solar and volcanic forcings. Conclusions: We found that our results were accurate back to 750. Cold periods prior to the 20th century can be explained partly by low solar activity and/or high volcanic activity. The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) could be correlated to higher solar activity. During the 20th century, however only anthropogenic forcing can explain the exceptionally high temperature rise. Warm periods of the Middle Age were spatially more heterogeneous than last decades, and then locally it could have been warmer. However, at the continental scale, the last decades were clearly warmer than any period of the last 1400 years. The heterogeneity of MWP versus the homogeneity of the last decades is likely an argument that different forcings could have operated. These results support the fact that we are living a climate change in Europe never seen in the past 1400 years. STUDY NOTES: Gridded April-September multiproxy European temperature reconstructions for the last 1400 years. An original spectral analog method was used with 117 proxy records, including tree-rings, documentaries, pollen assemblages, and ice cores. Grid size 5°x5°, spatial extent from 27.5°N to 72.5°N and from 7.5°W to 57.5°E. Data are °C anomalies relative to the 1961–1990 average. ESCARSEL (Secular Evolution of Climate in the circum-Atlantic regions and Response of eco-lacustrine systems) members are: S. Brewer, F. Chalié, V. Daux, J.L. Edouard, O. Girardclos, F. Guibal, G. Lambert, V. Masson-Delmotte, G. Pichard, J. Servonnat, D. Swingedouw, A. Thomas, and P. Yiou.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/guiot2010/guiot2010europe.xls GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/guiot2010/guiot2010europe.txt USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11