noaa-recon-12036
Global 1500 Year Spatial Temperature Reconstructions
Mann, M.E.; Zhang, Z.; Rutherford, S.; Bradley, R.S.; Hughes, M.K.; Shindell, D.; Ammann, C.M.; Faluvegi, G.; Ni, F.
Global 1500 Year Spatial Temperature Reconstructions
2010-04-01
NCDC-Paleoclimatology
ONLINE Files
Pending
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12036
Investigator
M.E.
Mann
Investigator
Z.
Zhang
Investigator
S.
Rutherford
Investigator
R.S.
Bradley
Investigator
M.K.
Hughes
Investigator
D.
Shindell
Investigator
C.M.
Ammann
Investigator
G.
Faluvegi
Investigator
F.
Ni
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Nino3 region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Nino3 region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Nino3 region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Pacific Decadal Oscillation region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Northern Hemisphere; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Northern Hemisphere; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Northern Hemisphere; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Northern Hemisphere; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Nino3 region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Nino3 region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Pacific Decadal Oscillation region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Pacific Decadal Oscillation region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Northern Hemisphere; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Northern Hemisphere; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Nino3 region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Pacific Decadal Oscillation region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Pacific Decadal Oscillation region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation region; screened for correlation to temperature; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions
surface temperature,multiple proxies,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,averaged over the Pacific Decadal Oscillation region; RegEM
earth science
paleoclimate
reconstructions
air temperature
geoscientificInformation
Air Temperature Reconstruction
Little Ice Age (LIA)
Medieval Warm Period
500 AD
2006 AD
1450 cal yr BP
-56 cal yr BP
Complete
-90
90
-180
180
Geographic Region
Global
Global>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE
None
Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.
English
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI
National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data
DATA Center Contact
Bruce
Bauer
bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov
paleo@noaa.gov
303-497-6280
303-497-6513
325 Broadway, E/NE31
Boulder
CO
80305-3328
USA
online
ASCII
Mann, M.E., Z. Zhang, S. Rutherford, R.S. Bradley, M.K. Hughes,
D. Shindell, C. Ammann, G. Faluvegi, and F. Ni. 2009.
Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age
and Medieval Climate Anomaly.
Science, Vol. 326, pp. 1256-1260, 27 November 2009.
DOI: 10.1126/science.1177303
Global temperatures are known to have varied over the past 1500 years,
but the spatial patterns have remained poorly defined. We used a global
climate proxy network to reconstruct surface temperature patterns over
this interval. The Medieval period is found to display warmth that
matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but which
falls well below recent levels globally. This period is marked by a
tendency for La Niña-like conditions in the tropical Pacific.
The coldest temperatures of the Little Ice Age are observed over
the interval 1400 to 1700 C.E., with greatest cooling over the
extratropical Northern Hemisphere continents. The patterns of
temperature change imply dynamical responses of climate to natural
radiative forcing changes involving El Niño and the North Atlantic
Oscillation-Arctic Oscillation.
STUDY NOTES: Supplemental information for:
Mann et al. Science, 326:1256-1260.
The data series shown in Figure 1
Each of the following files corresponds to a panel in Figure 1.
Files have 4 columns, year, reconstruction, -2sigma and +2sigma.
File name ending in "all" are from the "allproxy" or full network
reconstruction and file names ending in "scr" are from the "screened"
proxy reconstruction. For each series, the years 1850-2006 are the
PC-filtered instrumental data. That is, the instrumental data but
retaining the first 7 PCs, the number that were retained in the
1800-1849 reconstruction step.
AMO Full - file amoall.txt
AMO screened - file amoscr.txt
Northern Hemisphere full - file nhall.txt
Northern Hemisphere screened - file nhscr.txt
NINO3 full - file nino3all.txt
NINO3 screened - file nino3scr.txt
PDO full - file pdoall.txt
PDO screened - file pdoscr.txt
Global SST full - file sstall.txt
Global SST screened - file sstscr.txt
The Spatial Reconstruction
The Spatial Reconstruction is a large file and has been gzipped.
Column 1 is year, columns 2-2593 are gridboxes.
Years 1850-2006 are the PC-filtered instrumental data (retaining 7 PCs).
The RegEM infilled instrumental data can be found in the "allproxy" tarball
listed below. File allproxyfieldrecon.gz
The longitudes and latitudes for each gridbox are listed in file longlat.txt
Code and Data
The "allproxy" code and data are in a gzipped tarball, file name
allproxy.tar.gz. After unpacking the tarball, you will have to change
the paths in the code to run on your machine. See the "README.txt"
in the tarball for more information. The RegEM code is included but
is from Tapio Schneider's Web Site:
http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~tapio/
Metadata for the proxies used here and in Mann et al., 2008
are in an Excel file, filename 1209proxynames.xls
All the proxy series are in the directory for Mann et al. 2008:
ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2008/
and information about the proxies can be found there.
Verification data are in the matlab file named verificationpost.mat,
and the code is in the matlab file indexverifypost.m.
Included are the gridbox verification scores, the monte carlo,
red-noise significant levels and the code to calculate the
spatial series RE/CE values.
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/amoall.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/nhall.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/nino3scr.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/verificationpost.mat
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/nhscr.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/allproxy.tar.gz
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/readme-mann2009b.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/longlat.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/pdoscr.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/sstall.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/sstscr.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/1209proxynames.xls
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/indexverifypost.m
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/nino3all.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/allproxyfieldrecon.gz
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/amoscr.txt
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2009b/pdoall.txt
USA/NOAA
DIF
Version 9.8.4
2018-12-11
2018-12-11