noaa-recon-12258 Northeast Pacific 100 Year Tree Ring/Geoduck SST Reconstructions Black, B.A.; Copenheaver, C.A.; Frank, D.C.; Stuckey, M.J.; Kormanyos, R.E. Northeast Pacific 100 Year Tree Ring/Geoduck SST Reconstructions 2011-10-28 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12258 Investigator B.A. Black Investigator C.A. Copenheaver Investigator D.C. Frank Investigator M.J. Stuckey Investigator R.E. Kormanyos earth science paleoclimate instrumental sea surface temperature,null,null,dimensionless,null,instrumental,null,null,N,leading principal component of SST earth science paleoclimate tree ring tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,standard,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental sea surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography growth rate,bivalve,null,millimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,geoduck layer thickness earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography growth rate,bivalve,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,composited,null,N,geoduck layer thickness; Measurement time series were standardized in COFECHA using cubic splines set at a 50% frequency response of 22 years; Measurement time series were detrended using negative exponential functions in the program ARSTAN earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,leading principal component of SST earth science paleoclimate reconstructions sea surface temperature geoscientificInformation Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction 1846 AD 2004 AD 104 cal yr BP -54 cal yr BP Complete 48.76 54.22 -130.79 -125.28 -10 -10 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean Tree Nob Islands>LATITUDE 54.22>LONGITUDE -130.79 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean Cape Mark>LATITUDE 52.13>LONGITUDE -128.44 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean Brady's Beach>LATITUDE 48.76>LONGITUDE -125.28 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean Goletas>LATITUDE 50.78>LONGITUDE -127.56 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean Bartlett>LATITUDE 49.12>LONGITUDE -125.98 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Black, B.A., C.A. Copenheaver, D.C. Frank, M.J. Stuckey, and R.E. Kormanyos. 2009. Multi-proxy reconstructions of northeastern Pacific sea surface temperature data from trees and Pacific geoduck. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 278, pp. 40-47. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.010

We demonstrate the potential for developing sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions in the northeast Pacific from combinations of tree-ring and growth-increment chronologies of the long-lived marine bivalve, the Pacific geoduck. Six Pacific geoduck chronologies developed from site along the Washington- British Columbia coast are compared and combined with tree-ring chronologies from California to Alaska. All chronologies are annually resolved and strongly relate to local to regional-scale SST, though differences in the response season as well as the spectral properties of the two proxies are observed. Both proxy types closely track SST and when used in combination, yield a more robust SST reconstruction than tree-ring or geoduck chronologies could provide alone. In total, variance explained in SST is 63.9% at the regional-scale and 68.2% at a local scale, providing SST estimates for more than 60 years prior to the start of continuous instrumental records in this region. This study represents one of the few climate reconstructions where both proxies are annually resolved, and is the first to integrate regional networks of geoduck chronologies and tree-ring chronologies. STUDY NOTES: Sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions for the northeast Pacific, based on tree-ring and annual growth-increment width chronologies of the Pacific geoduck marine bivalve (Panopea generosa, formerly P. abrupta). Six Pacific geoduck chronologies were developed from sites along the British Columbia coast. Tree-ring chronologies from California to Alaska, archived in the International Tree Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html), were also used to produce the SST reconstructions. Geoduck growth-increment chronologies were developed with program ARSTAN: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/trl/public/publicSoftware.html detrended using appropriate standardization for each data set (cubic splines, negative exponential, or linear regression with negative or 0 slope). The "standard" chronology from ARSTAN is reported. All growth-increment widths are in mm. Geoduck samples were live-collected in 2003 and 2004 by the Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo, BC for analysis of population age structure. Oldest individuals with clearly visible growth increments were selected for chronology development and reconstruction of sea surface temperatures. To prepare growth increments for analysis, a single shell from each geoduck specimen was cut along the height axis of the valve through the center of the hinge plate region using a diamond-blade lapidary saw. The cut surface was polished with 600-grit sandpaper and then etched with two-percent hydrochloric acid. An impression (acetate peel) was made by pressing the etched surface of the hinge plate region against a piece of acetate film softened with a drop of acetone. The resulting peel was placed between two glass slides and viewed through a dissecting microscope using transmitted light. The hinge plate (inner shell layer) grows at a rate proportional to that of the outer shell layer, but is better protected from erosion and provides the most complete record possible. All peel preparation was conducted by the DFO. Samples were visually crossdated to ensure that all annual growth increments were assigned the correct calendar year of formation. Under the dissecting microscope at 60X magnification, two to eight overlapping digital photographs were taken with a Leica DC300 7.2 megapixel camera and tiled into a single panoramic image using Image Pro Plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics Inc., Silver Spring, MD). In Image Pro Plus 6.0, growth increment widths were measured along continuous transects that followed the axis of growth. Each growth increment was delineated at the end of the winter line (start of the new growing season), and each peel was measured, twice for some samples (noted by "a" and "b" labeling of measurement time series). Crossdating at each site was verified using the International Tree-Ring Data Bank Dendrochronology Program Library (ITRDB DPL) program COFECHA. Measurement time series were standardized in COFECHA using cubic splines set at a 50% frequency response of 22 years. Measurement time series were detrended using negative exponential functions in the program ARSTAN. Images are stored at the Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365. Geoduck peels are stored at the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC. Pacific geoduck sampling locations. (All water depths 10 to 15 m): Bartlett, BC, Canada: 49.12ºN -125.98ºW Brady’s Beach, BC, Canada: 48.76ºN -125.28ºW Cape Mark, BC, Canada: 52.13ºN -128.44ºW Goletas, BC, Canada: 50.78ºN -127.56ºW Tree Nob Islands, BC, Canada: 54.22ºN -130.79ºW Tree ring sites used in the SST reconstructions From the International Tree Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sclerochronology/east_pacific/nepacific2009sst.xls GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sclerochronology/east_pacific/nepacific2009sst.txt USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-03-01 2019-03-01