noaa-recon-12899 Seebergsee, Switzerland 1000 Year Chironomid Inferred Temperature Larocque, I.; Stewart, M.M.; Quinlan, R.; Trachsel, M.; Kamenik, C.; Grosjean, M. Seebergsee, Switzerland 1000 Year Chironomid Inferred Temperature 2012-04-17 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12899 Investigator I. Larocque Investigator M.M. Stewart Investigator R. Quinlan Investigator M. Trachsel Investigator C. Kamenik Investigator M. Grosjean earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology temperature,midge assemblage,null,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,anomalized|smoothed,null,N,11-year mean (triangular) earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction Little Ice Age (LIA) Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) 1083 AD 2001 AD 867 cal yr BP -51 cal yr BP Complete 46.1167 46.1167 7.4667 7.4667 Continent Europe Western Europe Switzerland Seebergsee>LATITUDE 46.1167>LONGITUDE 7.4667 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Larocque-Tobler, I., M.M. Stewart, R. Quinlan, M. Trachsel, C. Kamenik, and M. Grosjean. 2012. A last millennium temperature reconstruction using chironomids preserved in sediments of anoxic Seebergsee (Switzerland): consensus at local, regional and Central European scales. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 41, 18 May 2012, pp. 49-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.010

Determining if temperatures of the last century exceed natural variability necessitates the use of high-resolution paleo- reconstructions extending beyond the instrumental data (i.e. >150 years). Although syntheses using tree-ring, stalagmite, and borehole based reconstructions are available, biological proxies preserved in lake sediments have been neglected as a source of high-resolution information on climate change. Here, we present a decadal-scale mean July air temperature reconstruction covering the past millennium from varved Seebergsee, Switzerland. This reconstruction is compared to instrumental data at local, regional and European scales, to another high-resolution chironomid-inferred temperature reconstruction from Lake Silvaplana (Switzerland), to a composite of paleo-climate reconstructions from the Greater Alpine Region and to various millennial scale climate reconstructions from the northern hemisphere. When compared to local and regional instrumental records since ca 1760 AD significant (p < 0.01) relationships (rPearson > 0.5) are obtained, suggesting that chironomids accurately register the changes in temperature for the past ca 250 years. At European scale, the Seebergsee reconstruction correlates (rPearson = 0.40; p < 0.01) with instrumental and early instrumental data back to 1500 AD. On the millennial time scale, the chironomid reconstruction of Seebergsee provides a pattern of temperature changes mirrored by the chironomid reconstruction from Silvaplana (rPearson = 0.44; p < 0.01) and the Greater Alpine Region composite of reconstructions (rPearson = 0.40; p < 0.01). This includes warmer-than-the-last- century mean July air temperatures (+1.2 °C on average) during the end of the "Medieval Climate Anomaly" (MCA) and colder-than- the-last-century temperatures (-0.5 °C on average) during the "Little Ice Age". Both chironomid reconstructions inferred a warming during the last decades, but this chironomid-inferred warming does not exceed the MCA temperatures. This result is not singular as many millennial temperature reconstructions in the northern Hemisphere do not show unprecedented warming of the last century at local/regional scale. However, the chironomid assemblages found in Seebergsee and Silvaplana since ca 1950 AD seem to be unique (i.e. they show unprecedented assemblage compositions) for the past 1000 years. STUDY NOTES: Chironomid-inferred mean July temperature from Seebergsee, Switzerland for the last 1000 years. Data are presented with 11-year triangular filter (presented in fig 4). Seebergsee, Switzerland: 46°7'N, 7°28'E

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/seebergsee2012.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/seebergsee2012.xls USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11