noaa-recon-13673
Southern Annular Mode (SAM) Index 600 Year Tree Ring Reconstruction
Villalba, R.; Lara, A.; Masiokas, M.; Urrutia, R.; Luckman, B.H.; Marshall, G.J.; Mundo, I.A.; Christie, D.A.; Cook, E.R.; Neukom, R.; Allen, K.J.; Fenwick, P.; Boninsegna, J.A.; Srur, A.M.; Morales, M.; Araneo, D.; Palmer, J.G.; Cuq, E.; Aravena, J.C.; Holz, A.; LeQuesne, C.
Southern Annular Mode (SAM) Index 600 Year Tree Ring Reconstruction
2013-01-07
NCDC-Paleoclimatology
ONLINE Files
Pending
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13673
Investigator
R.
Villalba
Investigator
A.
Lara
Investigator
M.
Masiokas
Investigator
R.
Urrutia
Investigator
B.H.
Luckman
Investigator
G.J.
Marshall
Investigator
I.A.
Mundo
Investigator
D.A.
Christie
Investigator
E.R.
Cook
Investigator
R.
Neukom
Investigator
K.J.
Allen
Investigator
P.
Fenwick
Investigator
J.A.
Boninsegna
Investigator
A.M.
Srur
Investigator
M.
Morales
Investigator
D.
Araneo
Investigator
J.G.
Palmer
Investigator
E.
Cuq
Investigator
J.C.
Aravena
Investigator
A.
Holz
Investigator
C.
LeQuesne
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,unspecified error lower bound,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,smoothed,null,N,Marshall reconstructed 30 year Spline
earth science
paleoclimate
instrumental
Southern Annular Mode,null,null,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,instrumental,null,null,N,Marshall observed
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,null,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,smoothed,null,N,Marshall reconstructed 30 year Spline
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,unspecified error upper bound,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,NCEP reconstructed -(chron+regres) errors
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,unspecified error upper bound,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Marshall reconstructed -(chron+regres) errors
earth science
paleoclimate
tree ring
tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Araucaria
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,unspecified error upper bound,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,smoothed,null,N,Marshall reconstructed 30 year Spline
earth science
paleoclimate
instrumental
Southern Annular Mode,null,null,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,instrumental,null,null,N,NCEP observed
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,unspecified error lower bound,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,NCEP reconstructed +(chron+regres) errors
earth science
paleoclimate
tree ring
tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Halocarpus
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,null,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Marshall reconstructed
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,null,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,NCEP reconstructed
earth science
paleoclimate
climate reconstructions|tree ring
Southern Annular Mode,null,unspecified error lower bound,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Marshall reconstructed +(chron+regres) errors
earth science
paleoclimate
tree ring
age,null,null,year Common Era,null,tree ring,null,null,N,null
earth science
paleoclimate
tree ring
tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Austrocedrus
earth science
paleoclimate
reconstructions
atmospheric circulation
geoscientificInformation
Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
1409 AD
2007 AD
541 cal yr BP
-57 cal yr BP
Complete
-90
-20
-180
180
Geographic Region
Southern Hemisphere
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE
None
Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.
English
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI
National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data
DATA Center Contact
Bruce
Bauer
bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov
paleo@noaa.gov
303-497-6280
303-497-6513
325 Broadway, E/NE31
Boulder
CO
80305-3328
USA
online
ASCII
Ricardo Villalba, Antonio Lara, Mariano H. Masiokas, Rocío Urrutia, Brian H. Luckman, Gareth J. Marshall, Ignacio A. Mundo, Duncan A. Christie, Edward R. Cook, Raphael Neukom, Kathryn Allen, Pavla Fenwick, José A. Boninsegna, Ana M. Srur, Mariano S. Morales, Diego Araneo, Jonathan G. Palmer, Emilio Cuq, Juan C. Aravena, Andrés Holz, and Carlos LeQuesne. 2012.
Unusual Southern Hemisphere tree growth patterns induced by changes in the Southern Annular Mode.
Nature Geoscience, vol. 5, No. 11, pp. 793-798.
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1613
Recent changes in the summer climate of the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics are primarily related to the dominance of the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode. This shift in the behaviour of the Southern Annular Mode - essentially a measure of the pressure gradient between Southern Hemisphere mid and high latitudes - has been predominantly induced by polar stratospheric ozone depletion. The concomitant southward expansion of the dry subtropical belts could have consequences for forest growth. Here, we use tree-ring records from over 3,000 trees in South America, Tasmania and New Zealand to identify dominant patterns of tree growth in recent centuries. We show that the foremost patterns of growth between 1950 and 2000 differed significantly from those in the previous 250 years. Specifically, growth was higher than the long-term average in the subalpine forests of Tasmania and New Zealand, but lower in the dry-mesic forests of Patagonia. We further demonstrate that variations in the Southern Annular Mode can explain 12-48% of the tree growth anomalies in the latter half of the twentieth century. Tree-ring-based reconstructions of summer Southern Annular Mode indices suggest that the high frequency of the positive phase since the 1950s is unprecedented in the past 600 years. We propose that changes in the Southern Annular Mode have significantly altered tree growth patterns in the Southern Hemisphere.
STUDY NOTES: Southern Annular Mode (SAM) Index reconstruction for the past 600 years based on 3000 trees from 102 sites
across South America, Tasmania and New Zealand. We identified regional tree growth patterns for the temperate
forests in these three regions during the past 400-600 years. Using time-varying subsets of regional
chronologies as predictors, we develop two reconstructions of mean summer (December-February) SAM variations
for the period 1409-2006. Two instrumental target series were selected for analysis: the SAM-Marshall
(based on selected station pressure records) and the SAM-NCEP (based on mean sea-level pressure south of 20S).
The first principal component (PC1) of the three regional chronologies best correlated with the predictands
explains 44 and 47% of the total variance of the SAM-Marshall and SAM-NCEP instrumental records, respectively.
Data set updated 28 July 2014 with addition of underlying tree-ring chronolology and raw ring width data.
Added files include a). villalba2012sam.xls, an Excel format file containing the SAM reconstruction and
all tree-ring chronologies; b.) text data file villalba2012sam-crns.txt containing the 3 chronology predictor series;
c.) 6 raw ring width tree ring data files used to develop the chronologies listed in SI_Table 2 (Regional tree-ring
chronologies):
villalba2012sam-araucaria.txt, villalba2012sam-austrocedrus.txt, villalba2012sam-halocarpus.txt,
villalba2012sam-lagarostrobos.txt, villalba2012sam-nothofagus.txt, and villalba2012sam-phyllocadus.txt.
These tree ring data make it possible to validate the SAM reconstructions starting from the regional chronologies
(included on the Excel file) or from the raw data contained in the raw measurement files. This is all the data
used to support the conclusions of the Nature Geoscience paper. Regional chronologies were developed by combining
some of the individual chronologies listed in SI_Table 1 (Tree-ring chronologies). Those chronologies not included
in the Regional chronologies can be obtained by contacting the producers listed in Source of SA_Table 1.
Most of these chronologies are presently included in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank.
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam.txt
Data File; SAM Reconstructions
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam-crns.txt
Data File; Regional Tree-Ring Chronologies
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam-austrocedrus.txt
Data File; Austrocedrus Ring Width Data
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam-nothofagus.txt
Data File; Nothofagus Ring Width Data
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam-lagarostrobos.txt
Data File; Lagarostrobus Ring Width Data
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam-halocarpus.txt
Data File; Halocarpus Ring Width Data
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam-araucaria.txt
Data File; Araucaria Ring Width Data
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam.xlsx
Excel Data File; SAM Reconstructions and Tree Ring Chronologies
GET DATA
https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/villalba2012sam-phyllocladus.txt
Data File; Phyllocladus Ring Width Data
USA/NOAA
DIF
Version 9.8.4
2019-05-17
2019-05-17