<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-recon-16676</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Central-eastern Spain 370 Year Winter Rainfall Reconstruction</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Romero-Viana, L.; Julià, R.; Schimmel, M.; Camacho, A.; Vicente, E.; Miracle, M.R.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Central-eastern Spain 370 Year Winter Rainfall Reconstruction</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2014-06-26</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16676</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>L.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Romero-Viana</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Julià</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Schimmel</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Camacho</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Vicente</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Miracle</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>precipitation,varve thickness,unspecified margin of error,millimeter,Dec-Mar,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,based on annual calcite laminations; calibration error</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>varve thickness,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,normalized,image analysis,N,calcite lamina thickness</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>varve thickness,sediment,one standard deviation,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,normalized,image analysis,N,calcite lamina thickness</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>precipitation,varve thickness,null,millimeter,Dec-Mar,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,based on annual calcite laminations</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>reconstructions</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>precipitation</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>PAGES 2k Network</Keyword>
  <Keyword>PAGES Euro-Med 2k</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Precipitation Reconstruction</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1579 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>1949 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>371 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>1 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>39.987778</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>39.987778</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-1.875556</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-1.875556</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>1000</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>1000</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Southern Europe</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Spain</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Lake La Cruz&gt;LATITUDE 39.987778&gt;LONGITUDE -1.875556</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>
    <Author>Lidia Romero-Viana, Ramon Julià, Martin Schimmel, Antonio Camacho, Eduardo Vicente, M. Rosa Miracle</Author>
    <Publication_Date>2011</Publication_Date>
    <Title>Reconstruction of annual winter rainfall since A.D. 1579 in central-eastern Spain based on calcite laminated sediment </Title>
    <Series>Climatic Change</Series>
    <Volume>107</Volume>
    <Pages>343-361</Pages>
    <DOI>10.1007/s10584-010-9966-7</DOI>
  </Reference>
  <Reference>
    <Author>Lidia Romero-Viana, Ramon Julià, Antonio Camacho, Eduardo Vicente, Maria Rosa Miracle </Author>
    <Publication_Date>2008</Publication_Date>
    <Title>Climate signal in varve thickness: Lake La Cruz (Spain), a case study</Title>
    <Series>Journal of Paleolimnology</Series>
    <Volume>40</Volume>
    <Issue>2</Issue>
    <Pages>703-714</Pages>
    <DOI>10.1007/s10933-008-9194-6</DOI>
    <Online_Resource>http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-008-9194-6</Online_Resource>
  </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>We present the first winter (December to March) rainfall reconstruction based in a novel proxy, the thickness of annual calcite laminations preserved in Lake La Cruz (central-eastern Spain). A previous calibration analysis between laminae thickness and the instrumental data series (1950 to present) indicated a highly significant correlation with winter rainfall. Therefore this study attempts the winter rainfall reconstruction since the onset of laminations (1579 A.D) by means of the calibration function previously developed. The verification analysis between inferred annual values and earlier instrumental data (1859-1949) confirms the suitability of this novel proxy and the reliability of the series reconstructed. The reconstructed series show the fluctuating character of winter rainfall in the western Mediterranean area; interdecadal dry periods alternated with wetter periods following, in a board sense, the pattern recorded by documentary sources in other regions of the Iberian Peninsula. At present times regional winter rainfall anomalies are highly correlated with the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However the time series analysis showed the dominance of nonstationary components at high frequencies of the climate signal over the last four centuries suggesting that the connection between winter rainfall and the NAO has not been stable over time and also other modes of variability, not only NAO, may have conditioned winter rainfall variability. 
          STUDY NOTES: Annual calcite lamination thickness (normalized) and winter (December to March) rainfall reconstruction for AD 1579-AD 1949, from sediments collected in Lake La Cruz, central-eastern Spain.</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/spain/lacruz2011precip.txt</URL>
    <Description>Data File; Lake La Cruz Calcite Lamination Thickness and Winter Rainfall</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
