noaa-recon-16761 Lake Mina, Minnesota 900yr Pollen-inferred Temperature and Moisture St. Jacques, J.-M.; Cumming, B.F.; Smol, J.P. Lake Mina, Minnesota 900yr Pollen-inferred Temperature and Moisture 2014-06-23 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16761 Investigator J.-M. St. Jacques Investigator B.F. Cumming Investigator J.P. Smol earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,smoothed,null,N,lowess0.1 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation minus evapotranspiration,null,null,centimeter,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May,climate reconstructions|pollen,smoothed,null,N,lowess0.1 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation minus evapotranspiration,null,null,centimeter,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,smoothed,null,N,lowess0.1 earth science paleoclimate reconstructions precipitation earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction hydrology 1120 AD 1900 AD 830 cal yr BP 50 cal yr BP Complete 45.89 45.89 -95.478 -95.478 415 415 Continent North America United States Of America Minnesota Lake Mina>LATITUDE 45.89>LONGITUDE -95.478 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques, Brian F. Cumming, John P. Smol 2008 Quaternary Science Reviews 27 7-8 781-796 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.005 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379108000036 Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques, Brian F. Cumming, John P. Smol 2008 Journal of Paleolimnology 40 2 733-744 10.1007/s10933-008-9196-4 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-008-9196-4 Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques, Brian F. Cumming, John P. Smol 2008 Journal of Biogeography 35 2 306-324 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01785.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01785.x/abstract Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques, Brian F. Cumming, John P. Smol 2009 The Holocene 19 4 537-547 10.1177/0959683609104030 http://hol.sagepub.com/content/19/4/537.abstract St. Jacques, J.M., B.F. Cumming, D.J. Sauchyn and J.P. Smol 2015 PLoS ONE

Drought is endemic to the North American Great Plains, causing severe economic consequences. However, instrumental climate data only exist from ca AD 1890, and limited tree-ring, paleolimnological, archeological and eolian records document the last two millennia. To address this lack of monitoring and paleoclimatic data, the pollen preserved in the varved sediments of Lake Mina, Minnesota, on the northeastern border of the Great Plains, were analyzed. May and February mean monthly temperatures and "annual precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration" were reconstructed at a 4-year resolution using a pre-settlement pollen-climate calibration set. The period of the so-called Little Ice Age (LIA) (AD 1500-1870) was colder than the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) (AD 1100-1500) in west-central Minnesota. Winter temperatures in the LIA declined more than summer ones. The pollen record suggests that the LIA occurred in three phases: an initial cold phase from AD 1505 to AD 1575, a warmer phase, and then a very cold phase from AD 1625 to AD 1775. There were severe droughts detected in the Lake Mina record from AD 1660 to AD 1710 and AD 1300 to AD 1400, suggesting that high-resolution pollen records can detect events previously defined from the tree-ring records. This latter century-scale drought is concurrent with the widely reported "AD 1250-1400 mega-drought", which exceeds the severity of 20th century droughts. STUDY NOTES: Pollen data and inferred temperature and moisture balance reconstructions from Lake Mina, Minnesota, USA. The analyzed and published portion of the core spans AD 1116-2002. Most of it was sampled at a 4-year resolution, the very top (1952-2002) is at ~2-year resolution. Comparison to Platt Bradbury's Elk Lake varve-dated core is excellent: The 1300s megadrought at Lake Mina is at AD 1304-1396, the Elk Lake megadrought is at AD 1284-1409, using different proxies. The reconstruction is not reliable after 1876 AD, due to human disturbance. The winter and summer temperature pollen reconstructions were validated using early military fort instrumental climate data for 1820-1876. Varve chronology corroborated by exotic pollen introductions and a bottom radiocarbon date.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/recons/northamerica/usa/minnesota/mina2008recons.txt Text Data File; Lake Mina Pollen-inferred Temperature and Moisture Reconstructions GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/recons/northamerica/usa/minnesota/mina2008counts.txt Text Data File; Lake Mina Raw Pollen Counts GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/recons/northamerica/usa/minnesota/mina2008.xlsx Excel Data File; Lake Mina Pollen Data and Reconstructions GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/recons/northamerica/usa/minnesota/mina2008int-pct.txt Text Data File; Lake Mina Intermediate Pollen Percentage Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11