noaa-recon-17013 California Current Winter Index (CCWI) 576 Year Reconstruction Black, B.A.; Sydeman, W.J.; Frank, D.C.; Griffin, D.; Stahle, D.W.; García-Reyes, M.; Rykaczewski, R.R.; Bograd, S.J.; Peterson, W.T. California Current Winter Index (CCWI) 576 Year Reconstruction 2014-09-19 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17013 Investigator B.A. Black Investigator W.J. Sydeman Investigator D.C. Frank Investigator D. Griffin Investigator D.W. Stahle Investigator M. García-Reyes Investigator R.R. Rykaczewski Investigator S.J. Bograd Investigator W.T. Peterson earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,40th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,60th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,80th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate instrumental precipitation,null,null,inch,Jan-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,California Climate Divisions 4 and 6 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,20th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,60th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,90th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,1st percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,70th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate instrumental Northern Oscillation Index,null,null,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,difference in sea level pressure anomalies (monthly sea level pressure minus climatology) between the North Pacific High [35N-130W] and Darwin Australia [10S-130E] earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,5th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,99th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,30th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,95th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,5th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,20th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,30th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,50th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,10th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,70th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,50th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,10th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,90th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate instrumental sea level,null,null,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,instrumental,detrended,null,N,at San Francisco earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,80th percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,40th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,95th percentile; running standard deviation earth science paleoclimate instrumental Upwelling Index,null,null,cubic meter per second per hundred meters,Jan-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,averaged across two locations: 36ºN - 122ºW and 39ºN - 125ºW earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,1st percentile earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring California Current Index,null,percentile,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,99th percentile earth science paleoclimate instrumental California Current Index,null,null,dimensionless,Jan-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,leading principal component of winter sea level - winter upwelling - winter NOI earth science paleoclimate reconstructions atmospheric circulation geoscientificInformation Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction 1428 AD 2003 AD 522 cal yr BP -53 cal yr BP Complete 36 39 -124 -121 Continent North America United States Of America California Central California Current Ecosystem>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Bryan A. Black, William J. Sydeman, David C. Frank, Daniel Griffin, David W. Stahle, Marisol García-Reyes, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Steven J. Bograd, William T. Peterson 2014 Science 6203 345 1498-1502 10.1126/science.1253209 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.short

Reported trends in the mean and variability of coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents have raised concerns about the future of these highly productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems. However, the instrumental records on which these estimates are based are insufficiently long to determine whether such trends exceed preindustrial limits. In the California Current, a 576-year reconstruction of climate variables associated with winter upwelling indicates that variability increased over the latter 20th century to levels equaled only twice during the past 600 years. This modern trend in variance may be unique, because it appears to be driven by an unprecedented succession of extreme, downwelling-favorable, winter climate conditions that profoundly reduce productivity for marine predators of commercial and conservation interest. STUDY NOTES: A 576-year reconstruction of climate variables associated with winter upwelling. The California Current Winter Index (CCWI) is defined as the leading principal component of winter sea level, winter upwelling, and winter Northern Oscillation Index (NOI).

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/black2014ccwi.xls Excel Data File; California Current Winter Index Reconstruction and Proxy Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/black2014ccwi-rstd.txt Text Data File; California Current Winter Index Reconstruction Running Standard Deviation GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/black2014ccwi-physical.txt Text Data File; California Current Winter Index Physical Time Series GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/black2014ccwi-marinebio.txt Text Data File; California Current Winter Index Marine Biological Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/black2014ccwi.txt Text Data File; California Current Winter Index Reconstruction USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11