noaa-recon-17615 Swiss 517 Year Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction Wetter, O.; Pfister, C. Swiss 517 Year Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction 2014-12-10 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17615 Investigator O. Wetter Investigator C. Pfister earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|historical surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Mar-Jul,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|historical age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate historical grain harvest date,null,null,day of year,winter,historical,null,null,N,gregorian calendar earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction 1454 AD 1970 AD 496 cal yr BP -20 cal yr BP Complete 47 48.5 7 10 Continent Europe Western Europe Northern Switzerland/Southwest Germany>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII O. Wetter and C. Pfister 2011 Climate of the Past 70 4 1307-1326 10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011 http://www.clim-past.net/7/1307/2011/cp-7-1307-2011.html

This paper presents a unique 517-yr long documentary data-based reconstruction of spring-summer (MAMJJ) temperatures for northern Switzerland and south-western Germany from 1454 to 1970. It is composed of 25 partial series of winter grain (secale cereale) harvest starting dates (WGHD) that are partly based on harvest related bookkeeping of institutions (hospitals, municipalities), partly on (early) phenological observations. The resulting main Basel WGHD series was homogenised with regard to dating style, data type and altitude. The calibration and verification approach was applied using the homogenous HISTALP temperature series from 1774-1824 for calibration (r = 0.78) and from 1920-1970 for verification (r = 0.75). The latter result even suffers from the weak data base available for 1870-1950. Temperature reconstructions based on WGHD are more influenced by spring temperatures than those based on grape harvest dates (GHD), because rye in contrast to vines already begins to grow as soon as sunlight brings the plant to above freezing. The earliest and latest harvest dates were checked for consistency with narrative documentary weather reports. Comparisons with other European documentary-based GHD and WGHD temperature reconstructions generally reveal significant correlations decreasing with the distance from Switzerland. The new Basel WGHD series shows better skills in representing highly climate change sensitive variations of Swiss Alpine glaciers than available GHD series. STUDY NOTES: 517-yr long reconstruction of spring-summer (MAMJJ) temperatures from documentary-based winter rye (secale cereale) harvest starting dates covering the period from 1454 to 1970.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/switzerland/swiss-summer-temp2011.txt Data File; Swiss Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11