noaa-recon-18317 European Holocene Pollen-based Gridded Climate Reconstruction Mauri, A.; Davis, B.A.S.; Collins, P.M.; Kaplan, J.O. European Holocene Pollen-based Gridded Climate Reconstruction 2015-03-31 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18317 Investigator A. Mauri Investigator B.A.S. Davis Investigator P.M. Collins Investigator J.O. Kaplan earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen age,null,null,kilometer,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen growing degree days,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,growing degree days above 5 degrees C earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen temperature,null,one standard error,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation,null,one standard error,millimeter per day,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation,null,one standard error,millimeter per day,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen temperature,null,one standard error,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen actual/potential evapotranspiration,null,null,millimeter per day,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|pollen precipitation minus evaporation,null,null,millimeter per day,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate reconstructions precipitation earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction Precipitation Reconstruction 12000 cal yr BP 100 cal yr BP Complete 28.5 71.5 -11.5 28.5 Continent Europe Europe EPOCH-2>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII A. Mauri, B.A.S. Davis, P.M. Collins, J.O. Kaplan 2015 Quaternary Science Reviews 112 109-127 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.013 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115000372

We present a new gridded climate reconstruction for Europe for the last 12,000 years based on pollen data. The reconstruction is an update of Davis et al. (2003) using the same methodology, but with a greatly expanded fossil and surface-sample dataset and more rigorous quality-control. The modern pollen dataset has been increased by more than 80%, and the fossil pollen dataset by more than 50%, representing almost 60,000 individual pollen samples. The climate parameters reconstructed include summer/winter and annual temperatures and precipitation, as well as a measure of moisture balance, and growing degree-days above 5 °C. Confidence limits were established for the reconstruction based on transfer function and interpolation uncertainties. The reconstruction takes account of post-glacial isostatic readjustment which resulted in a potential warming bias of up to +1-2°C for parts of Fennoscandia in the early Holocene, as well as changes in palaeogeography resulting from decaying ice sheets and rising post-glacial sea-levels. This new dataset has been evaluated against previously published independent quantitative climate reconstructions from a variety of archives on a site-by-site basis across Europe. The results of this comparison are generally very good; only chironomid-based reconstructions showed substantial differences with our values. Our reconstruction is available for download as gridded maps throughout the Holocene on a 1000-year time-step. The gridded format makes our reconstructions suitable for comparison with climate model output and for other applications such as vegetation and land-use modelling. Our new climate reconstruction suggests that warming in Europe during the mid-Holocene was greater in winter than in summer, an apparent paradox that is not consistent with current climate model simulations and traditional interpretations of Milankovitch theory. STUDY NOTES: EPOCH-2 (European POllen Climate Holocene, Version 2) data set. Gridded pollen-based climate anomalies reconstruction for Europe. Parameters include Growing degree-days above 5C (GDD5), Annual temperature (TANN), Annual precipitation (PANN), Summer temperature (TJJA), Summer precipitation (PJJA), Winter temperature (TDJF), Winter precipitation (PDJF), Ratio actual/potential evapotranspiration (alpha), and Precipitation-Evaporation (P-E). Reconstructions are presented at a 1 degree spatial resolution and 1000 year time-step from preindustrial time.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.nc Data File; EPOCH-2 uncertainties, netCDF format GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/EPOCH-2_Mauri_etal_QSR.tar.gz Data File; EPOCH-2 gzipped TAR file, all data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.nc Data File; EPOCH-2 reconstructions, netCDF format GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.txt Data File; EPOCH-2 reconstructions, netCDF text export GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/tiff_anomalies/ Data Folder; EPOCH-2reconstructions, tiff format GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2-readme.txt Data Description; EPOCH-2 Readme File GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.txt Data File; EPOCH-2 uncertainties, netCDF text export USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11