noaa-recon-19103 North America-North Pacific 500 hPa Geopotential Height Reconstruction Wise, E.K.; Dannenberg, M.P. North America-North Pacific 500 hPa Geopotential Height Reconstruction 2015-08-12 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19103 Investigator E.K. Wise Investigator M.P. Dannenberg earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring p-value,null,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,p-values associated with correlation coefficients earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores; assigned to the ending year of the season) earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,unspecified margin of error,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"Error as calculated by RegEm-ridge program (see T. Schneider, 2001: Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values. Journal of Climate, 14, 853-871)" earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,FDR version of reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (entire period to calibration period) earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,unspecified margin of error,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"Error as calculated by RegEm-ridge program (see T. Schneider, 2001: Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values. Journal of Climate, 14, 853-871)" earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,verification root mean square error,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,bias,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,mean bias for FDR version of the reconstruction earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,verification coefficient of efficiency,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,bias,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"GPH estimates produced by the leave-decade-out calibration/validation, 1872-1971" earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (SDR) earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,"Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores; assigned to the ending year of the season) using False Discovery Rate (FDR; see D. S. Wilks, 2006: On ""field significance"" and the false discovery rate. J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 45, 1181–1189) for pre-screening and with variance scaled to the calibration period" earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,verification root mean square error,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,root mean squared error (RMSE) for FDR version of the reconstruction earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,correlation coefficient,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Validation_R: Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between the predicted and observed data earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,correlation coefficient,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between the predicted and observed data for FDR version of the reconstruction earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores; assigned to the ending year of the season) with variance scaled to the calibration period earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,longitude vector for the gridded GPH data earth science paleoclimate instrumental geopotential height,null,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,instrumental,normalized,null,N,Cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores standardized to the 1872-1971 calibration period; assigned to the ending year of the season) calculated from instrumental data (monthly mean 500 hPa GPH values) supplied by NCEP/NCAR Twentieth Century Reanalysis project V2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV2.html) earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (SDR) for verification period earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (SDR) for FDR version of the reconstruction earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Variance-scaled reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,at 500 hPa; assigned to the ending year of the season earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,correlation coefficient,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between the predicted and observed data earth science paleoclimate instrumental geopotential height,null,null,meter,Oct-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,at 500 hPa earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (entire period to calibration period) for the Wise and Dannenberg (2014) version of the reconstruction in which variance was not scaled to the calibration per earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,verification coefficient of efficiency,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,coefficient of efficiency (CE) for FDR version of the reconstruction earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"GPH estimates produced by the leave-decade-out calibration/validation, 1872-1971 for FDR version of the reconstruction" earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,latitude vector for the gridded GPH data for FDR version of the reconstruction earth science paleoclimate instrumental geopotential height,null,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,instrumental,normalized,null,N,at 500 hPa; InstGPHanoms: Cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores standardized to the 1872-1971 calibration period; assigned to the ending year of the season) calculated from instrumental data (monthly mean 500 hPa GPH values) supplied by NCEP/NCAR Twentieth Century Reanalysis project V2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV2.html) earth science paleoclimate instrumental geopotential height,null,null,meter,Oct-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,Instrumental cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters earth science paleoclimate reconstructions atmospheric circulation geoscientificInformation Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction 1500 AD 2010 AD 450 cal yr BP -60 cal yr BP Complete 14 70 160 -70 Geographic Region Western Hemisphere North America-North Pacific>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

325 Broadway, E/NE31

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Erika K. Wise and Matthew P. Dannenberg 2014 Nature Communications 5 4912 10.1038/ncomms5912 http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140911/ncomms5912/full/ncomms5912.html

Changes in moisture delivery to western North America are largely controlled by interrelated, synoptic-scale atmospheric pressure patterns. Long-term records of upper-atmosphere pressure and related circulation patterns are needed to assess potential drivers of past severe droughts and evaluate how future climate changes may impact hydroclimatic systems. Here we develop a tree-ring-based climate field reconstruction of cool-season 500 hPa geopotential height on a 2 x 2 degree grid over North America and the North Pacific to AD 1500 and examine the frequency and persistence of preinstrumental atmospheric pressure patterns using Self-Organizing Maps. Our results show extended time periods dominated by a set of persistent upper-air pressure patterns, providing insight into the atmospheric conditions leading to periods of sustained drought and pluvial periods in the preinstrumental past. A striking shift from meridional to zonal flow occurred at the end of the Little Ice Age and was sustained for several decades. STUDY NOTES: Tree-ring-based reconstruction of cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies since 1500AD for the North Pacific and North America on a 2 x 2 degree grid (unitless z-scores).

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/readme-wise2014gph.txt Data Description; 500 hPa Geopotential Height Reconstruction Readme File GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph-ext.nc NetCDF Data File; North America-North Pacific 500 hPa Geopotential Height Reconstruction Extended Versions GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph.nc NetCDF Data File; North America-North Pacific 500 hPa Geopotential Height Reconstruction USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11