Exploration and exploitation in the macrohistory of the pre-Hispanic Pueblo Southwest

noaa-recon-19783 SW USA 2000 Year Growing Degree Days and Precipitation Reconstructions Bocinsky, R.K.; Rush, J.; Kintigh, K.W.; Kohler, T.A. SW USA 2000 Year Growing Degree Days and Precipitation Reconstructions 2016-04-01 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19783 Investigator R.K. Bocinsky Investigator J. Rush Investigator K.W. Kintigh Investigator T.A. Kohler earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring precipitation,null,null,millimeter,Oct-Sep,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,regression analysis,N,PaleoCAR method earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring growing degree days,null,null,kelvin day,May-Sep,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,regression analysis,N,PaleoCAR method; units are degrees Fahrenheit * day earth science paleoclimate reconstructions precipitation geoscientificInformation Precipitation Reconstruction 0 AD 2000 AD 1950 cal yr BP -50 cal yr BP Complete 31 43 -115 -102 Continent North America United States Of America Southwestern USA>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII R. Kyle Bocinsky, Johnathan Rush, Keith W. Kintigh and Timothy A. Kohler 2016 Exploration and exploitation in the macrohistory of the pre-Hispanic Pueblo Southwest Science Advances e1501532 2 4 10.1126/sciadv.1501532 http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1501532 R. Kyle Bocinsky and Timothy A. Kohler 2014 A 2,000-year reconstruction of the rain-fed maize agricultural niche in the US Southwest Nature Communications 5 5618 10.1038/ncomms6618 http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/141204/ncomms6618/full/ncomms6618.html

Cycles of demographic and organizational change are well documented in Neolithic societies, but the social and ecological processes underlying them are debated. Such periodicities are implicit in the “Pecos classification,” a chronology for the pre-Hispanic U.S. Southwest introduced in Science in 1927 which is still widely used. To understand these periodicities, we analyzed 29,311 archaeological tree-ring dates from A.D. 500 to 1400 in the context of a novel high spatial resolution, annual reconstruction of the maize dry-farming niche for this same period. We argue that each of the Pecos periods initially incorporates an “exploration” phase, followed by a phase of “exploitation” of niches that are simultaneously ecological, cultural, and organizational. Exploitation phases characterized by demographic expansion and aggregation ended with climatically driven downturns in agricultural favorability, undermining important bases for social consensus. Exploration phases were times of socio-ecological niche discovery and development. STUDY NOTES: High spatial resolution (30 arc-second) Southwestern United States tree-ring reconstructions of May-September Growing-degree Days (GDD) and Net Water-year Precipitation (previous October - current November). The reconstructions were performed using the "PaleoCAR" method detailed in Bocinsky and Kohler (2014).

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/bocinsky2016/ Data Folder; SW USA Growing Degree Days (GDD) and Precipitation (PPT) netCDF Data Files GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/bocinsky2016/readme-bocinsky2016.txt Data Description; Southwestern USA Growing Degree Days and Precipitation Reconstructions USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11