noaa-recon-21030 Tuscan-Emilian Apennines July Temperature Reconstruction using Fossil Midge assemblages covering the last 14,000 years Samartin, S.; Heiri, O.; Joos, F.; Renssen, H.; Franke, J.; Brönnimann, S.; Tinner, W. Tuscan-Emilian Apennines July Temperature Reconstruction using Fossil Midge assemblages covering the last 14,000 years 2017-01-12 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21030 Investigator S. Samartin Investigator O. Heiri Investigator F. Joos Investigator H. Renssen Investigator J. Franke Investigator S. Brönnimann Investigator W. Tinner earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology depth,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology depth,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,depth from sediment-water interface earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology surface air temperature,midge assemblage,null,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,smoothed,null,N,Loess smoother; calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology surface air temperature,midge assemblage,one standard error,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Sample-specific estimated standard error of prediction; calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology surface air temperature,midge assemblage,null,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology surface air temperature,midge assemblage,null,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,anomalized,null,N,relative to mean 1850 AD to 2000 cal. yr BP; calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006 earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction 14020 cal yr BP -59 cal yr BP Complete 44.36 44.39 10.05 10.12 1349 1390 Continent Europe Southern Europe Italy Lago Gemini Inferiore>LATITUDE 44.39>LONGITUDE 10.05 Continent Europe Southern Europe Italy Lago Verdarolo>LATITUDE 44.36>LONGITUDE 10.12 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Samartin, Stéphanie, Oliver Heiri, Fortunat Joos, Hans Renssen, Jörg Franke, Stefan Brönnimann, and Willy Tinner 2017 Nature Geoscience 10.1038/NGEO2891

Understanding past climate trends is key for reliable projections of global warming and associated risks and hazards. Uncomfortably large discrepancies between vegetation-based summer temperature reconstructions, mainly based on pollen, and climate model results have been reported for the current interglacial, the Holocene. For the Mediterranean region these reconstructions indicate cooler-than-present mid-Holocene summers, in contrast with expectations based on climate models and long-term changes in summer insolation. We present new quantitative and replicated Holocene summer temperature reconstructions based on fossil chironomid midges from the northern central Mediterranean region. The Holocene thermal maximum is reconstructed 9000-5000 years ago and estimated to have been 1-2 °C warmer in mean July temperature than the recent preindustrial period, consistent with glacier and marine records, and with transient climate model runs. This combined evidence implies that widely used pollen-based summer temperature reconstructions in the Mediterranean area are significantly biased by precipitation or other forcings such as early land use. Our interpretation can resolve the previous discrepancy between climate models and quantitative palaeotemperature records for millennial-scale Holocene summer temperature trends in the Mediterranean region. It also suggests that pollen-based evidence for cool mid-Holocene summers in other semi-arid to arid regions of the Northern hemisphere may have to be re-considered, with potential implications for global-scale reconstructions. STUDY NOTES: Chironomid-inferred mean July air temperatures reconstructed for the study site based on the calibration data and transfer function described in Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/europe/samartin2017/samartin2017-gemini.txt Formatted Text File; Lago Gemini Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/europe/samartin2017/samartin2017-verdarolo.txt Formatted Text File; Lago Verdarolo Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11