noaa-recon-21090 Northern Hemisphere 1,500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions Guillet, S.; Corona, C.; Stoffel, M.; Khodri, M.; Lavigne, F.; Ortega, P.; Eckert, N.; Dkengne Sielenou, P.; Daux, V.; Churakova (Sidorova), O.V.; Davi, N.K.; Edouard, J.-L.; Zhang, Y.; Luckman, B.H.; Myglan, V.S.; Guiot, J.; Beniston, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Oppenheimer, C. Northern Hemisphere 1,500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions 2017-02-27 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21090 Investigator S. Guillet Investigator C. Corona Investigator M. Stoffel Investigator M. Khodri Investigator F. Lavigne Investigator P. Ortega Investigator N. Eckert Investigator P. Dkengne Sielenou Investigator V. Daux Investigator O.V. Churakova (Sidorova) Investigator N.K. Davi Investigator J.-L. Edouard Investigator Y. Zhang Investigator B.H. Luckman Investigator V.S. Myglan Investigator J. Guiot Investigator M. Beniston Investigator V. Masson-Delmotte Investigator C. Oppenheimer earth science paleoclimate historical grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,IDF earth science paleoclimate historical grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,Burgundy earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions surface air temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990; 30-year low pass filter earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions surface air temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions surface air temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t. 30-yr climatology earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error lower bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t. 30-yr climatology earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error upper bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t. 30-yr climatology earth science paleoclimate historical grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,Burgundy estimated earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error upper bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990 earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error lower bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990 earth science paleoclimate historical grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,Alsace earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction 500 AD 2000 AD 1450 cal yr BP -50 cal yr BP Complete 0 90 -180 180 Geographic Region Northern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Markus Stoffel, Myriam Khodri, Franck Lavigne, Pablo Ortega, Nicolas Eckert, Pascal Dkengne Sielenou, Valérie Daux, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Nicole Davi, Jean-Louis Edouard, Yong Zhang, Brian H. Luckman, Vladimir S. Myglan, Joël Guiot, Martin Beniston, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Clive Oppenheimer 2017 Nature Geoscience 10 2 123-128 10.1038/NGEO2875

The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both an eruption magnitude and a volcanic explosivity index of 7. During the Samalas eruption, more than 40 km3 of dense magma was expelled and the eruption column is estimated to have reached altitudes of 43 km. However, the climatic response to the Samalas event is debated since climate model simulations generally predict a stronger and more prolonged surface air cooling of Northern Hemisphere summers than inferred from tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions. Here, we draw on historical archives, ice-core data and tree-ring records to reconstruct the spatial and temporal climate response to the Samalas eruption. We find that 1258 and 1259 experienced some of the coldest Northern Hemisphere summers of the past millennium. However, cooling across the Northern Hemisphere was spatially heterogeneous. Western Europe, Siberia and Japan experienced strong cooling, coinciding with warmer-than-average conditions over Alaska and northern Canada. We suggest that in North America, volcanic radiative forcing was modulated by a positive phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Contemporary records attest to severe famines in England and Japan, but these began prior to the eruption. We conclude that the Samalas eruption aggravated existing crises, but did not trigger the famines. STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy summer (June-August) spatial temperature reconstructions over the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1,500 years

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/readme-guillet2017nhtemp.txt Data Description; Guillet 2017 NH Temperture Recons Readme File GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/ Data Folder; Guillet 2017 Northern Hemisphere Temperture Reconstructions USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11