noaa-recon-22057 Greenland 11,500 Year Temperature Reconstruction Kobashi, T.; Menviel, L.; Jeltsch-Thömmes, A.; Vinther, B.M.; Box, J.E.; Muscheler, R.; Nakaegawa, T.; Pfister, P.L.; Döring, M.; Leuenberger, M.; Wanner, H.; Ohmura, A. Greenland 11,500 Year Temperature Reconstruction 2017-05-05 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22057 Investigator T. Kobashi Investigator L. Menviel Investigator A. Jeltsch-Thömmes Investigator B.M. Vinther Investigator J.E. Box Investigator R. Muscheler Investigator T. Nakaegawa Investigator P.L. Pfister Investigator M. Döring Investigator M. Leuenberger Investigator H. Wanner Investigator A. Ohmura earth science paleoclimate climate forcing volcanic forcing,null,null,watt per square meter,null,climate forcing,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoclimatic modeling surface air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|ice cores surface air temperature,delta 15N excess,two standard deviations,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoclimatic modeling age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|ice cores age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate forcing age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate forcing,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoclimatic modeling surface air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,anomalized,null,N,no volcanic earth science paleoclimate paleoclimatic modeling surface air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,volcanic-no volcanic difference earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|ice cores surface air temperature,delta 15N excess,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate reconstructions air temperature geoscientificInformation Air Temperature Reconstruction 11933 cal yr BP -50 cal yr BP Complete 72.6 72.6 -38.5 -38.5 3200 3200 Continent North America Greenland GISP2>LATITUDE 72.6>LONGITUDE -38.5 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Takuro Kobashi, Laurie Menviel, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Bo M. Vinther, Jason E. Box, Raimund Muscheler, Toshiyuki Nakaegawa, Patrik L. Pfister, Michael Döring, Markus Leuenberger, Heinz Wanner, Atsumu Ohmura 2017 Scientific Reports 1441 7 10.1038/s41598-017-01451-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-01451-7

Solar variability has been hypothesized to be a major driver of North Atlantic millennial-scale climate variations through the Holocene along with orbitally induced insolation change. However, another important climate driver, volcanic forcing has generally been underestimated prior to the past 2,500 years partly owing to the lack of proper proxy temperature records. Here, we reconstruct seasonally unbiased and physically constrained Greenland Summit temperatures over the Holocene using argon and nitrogen isotopes within trapped air in a Greenland ice core (GISP2). We show that a series of volcanic eruptions through the Holocene played an important role in driving centennial to millennial-scale temperature changes in Greenland. The reconstructed Greenland temperature exhibits significant millennial correlations with K+ and Na+ ions in the GISP2 ice core (proxies for atmospheric circulation patterns), and d18O of Oman and Chinese Dongge cave stalagmites (proxies for monsoon activity), indicating that the reconstructed temperature contains hemispheric signals. Climate model simulations forced with the volcanic forcing further suggest that a series of large volcanic eruptions induced hemispheric-wide centennial to millennial-scale variability through ocean/sea-ice feedbacks. Therefore, we conclude that volcanic activity played a critical role in driving centennial to millennial-scale Holocene temperature variability in Greenland and likely beyond. STUDY NOTES: Volcanic forcing time series and Greenland temperature reconstruction, plus modeled Northern Hemisphere average temperature, for the past 11,500 years. Reconstructions are based on argon and nitrogen isotopes from trapped air in the GISP2 Greenland ice core. Greenland Temperature file updated 12/02/2017 - a preliminary version had inadvertently been contributed. Data here are those plotted in Fig.2a. d15N file (Kobashi et al. 2008) also added 12/02/2017.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/kobashi2017/kobashi2017nh.txt Formatted Text Data File; Modeled Northern Hemisphere Average Temperature GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/kobashi2017/kobashi2017d15n.txt Formatted Text Data File; Greenland d15N Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/kobashi2017/kobashi2017volc.txt Formatted Text Data File; Volcanic Forcing Time Series GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/kobashi2017/kobashi2017greenland.txt Formatted Text Data File; Greenland Holocene Temperature Reconstruction USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11