<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-recon-8705</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Yukon 17KYr Midge-Inferred July Temperature</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Kurek, J.; Cwynar, L.C.; Vermaire, J.C.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Yukon 17KYr Midge-Inferred July Temperature</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2009-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8705</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kurek</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>L.C.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cwynar</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.C.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Vermaire</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Stempellinella/Zavrelia</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Procladius sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Corynocera oliveri</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Zalutschia sp. 2</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Parlind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Parakiefferiella nigra</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Endochironomus sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Stichtochironomus sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,CB ind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Monodiamesa sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,PsecindS</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Zalutschia sp. 1</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Zalutschia sp. 3</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Chirind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Crypind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Glyptotendipes sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Protanypus sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Cricotopus/Orthocladius</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Limnophyes sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Pseudosmittia/Smittia</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Metrind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tany chi</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>surface air temperature,midge assemblage,null,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>surface air temperature,midge assemblage,unspecified margin of error,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Corynoneura/Thienemanniella</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Cyph&amp;HP</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Cladotanytarsus mancus</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Constempellina sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Mesocricotopus sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Dicrotendipes sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Polypedilum sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Psedind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Hydrobaenus/Oliveridia</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Microtendipes sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Paracladius sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Corynocera ambigua</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Pentaneurini</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Heterotrissocladius sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Nanocladius sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Parakiefferiella triquetra</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Parakiefferiella sp. B</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Psecind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Psectrocladius sp. E</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Synoind</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Sergentia sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tanytarsina</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Micropsectra sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Orthocladius sp. 2</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>reconstructions</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>air temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>reconstructions</Term>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Air Temperature Reconstruction</Keyword>
  <Keyword>PAGES 2k Network</Keyword>
  <Keyword>PAGES Arctic 2k</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>17046 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>68.355787</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>68.355787</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-138.359613</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-138.359613</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>500</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>500</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Canada</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Yukon Territory</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Hanging Lake (HANGING)&gt;LATITUDE 68.355787&gt;LONGITUDE -138.359613</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Kurek, J., L.C. Cwynar, and J.C. Vermaire. 2009. 
A late Quaternary paleotemperature record from Hanging Lake, 
northern Yukon Territory, eastern Beringia. 
Quaternary Research, Vol. 72, pp. 246-257.
doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.04.007
</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>The late Quaternary paleoclimate of eastern Beringia has primarily 
been studied by drawing qualitative inferences from vegetation shifts. 
To quantitatively reconstruct summer temperatures, we analyzed lake
sediments for fossil chironomids, and additionally we analyzed the 
sediments for fossil pollen and organic carbon content. A comparison 
with the d18O record from Greenland indicates that the general 
climatic development of the region throughout the last glaciation–
Holocene transition differed from that of the North Atlantic region. 
Between ~17 and 15 ka, mean July air temperature was on average 5°C 
colder than modern, albeit a period of near-modern temperature at 
~16.5 ka. Total pollen accumulation rates ranged between ~180 and 
1200 grains cm-2 yr-1. At ~15 ka, approximately coeval with the 
Bølling interstadial, temperatures again reached modern values. 
At ~14 ka, nearly 1000 yr after warming began, Betula pollen 
percentages increased substantially and mark the transition to 
shrub-dominated pollen contributors. Chironomid-based inferences 
suggest no evidence of the Younger Dryas stade and only subtle 
evidence of an early Holocene thermal maximum, as temperatures 
from ~15 ka to the late Holocene were relatively stable.
The most recognizable climatic oscillation of the Holocene 
occurred from ~4.5 to 2 ka.
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
