noaa-tree-1003406 Northern Scandinavia, 138 BC-2006 AD, maximum latewood density, living and subfossil pine, PAGES Euro-Med 2k Version Esper, J.; Frank, D.C.; Timonen, M.; Zorita, E.; Wilson, R.J.S.; Luterbacher, J.; Holzkämper, S.; Fischer, N.; Wagner, S.; Nievergelt, D.; Verstege, A.; Büntgen, U. Northern Scandinavia, 138 BC-2006 AD, maximum latewood density, living and subfossil pine, PAGES Euro-Med 2k Version 2013-05-15 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files 10.25921/rzzc-9s27 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1003406 Investigator J. Esper Investigator D.C. Frank Investigator M. Timonen Investigator E. Zorita Investigator R.J.S. Wilson Investigator J. Luterbacher Investigator S. Holzkämper Investigator N. Fischer Investigator S. Wagner Investigator D. Nievergelt Investigator A. Verstege Investigator U. Büntgen earth science paleoclimate tree-ring geoscientificInformation PAGES 2k Network PAGES Euro-Med 2k PISY Pinus sylvestris L. Scots pine Scotch pine -138 AD 2006 AD 2088 cal yr BP -56 cal yr BP Complete 68 68 25 25 Continent Europe Northern Europe Scandanavia Sweden Northern Scandinavia, Sweden>LATITUDE 68>LONGITUDE 25 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Esper, J., D.C. Frank, M. Timonen, E. Zorita, R.J.S. Wilson, J. Luterbacher, S. Holzkämper, N. Fischer, S. Wagner, D. Nievergelt, A. Verstege, U. Büntgen 2012 Nature Climate Change 2 862-866 10.1038/nclimate1589

Solar insolation changes, resulting from long-term oscillations of orbital configurations, are an important driver of Holocene climate. The forcing is substantial over the past 2,000 years, up to four times as large as the 1.6Wm-2 net anthropogenic forcing since 1750, but the trend varies considerably over time, space and with season. Using numerous high-latitude proxy records, slow orbital changes have recently been shown6 to gradually force boreal summer temperature cooling over the common era. Here, we present new evidence based on maximum latewood density data from northern Scandinavia, indicating that this cooling trend was stronger (-0.31 deg C per 1,000 years, \pm 0.03 deg C) than previously reported, and demonstrate that this signature is missing in published tree-ring proxy records. The long-term trend now revealed in maximum latewood density data is in line with coupled general circulation models indicating albedo-driven feedback mechanisms and substantial summer cooling over the past two millennia in northern boreal and Arctic latitudes. These findings, together with the missing orbital signature in published dendrochronological records, suggest that large-scale nearsurface air-temperature reconstructions9–13 relying on treering data may underestimate pre-instrumental temperatures includingwarmth during Medieval and Roman times. STUDY NOTES: We here develop a 2,000-year summer temperature reconstruction based on 587 high-precision maximum latewood density (MXD) series from northern Scandinavia. The record was developed over three years using living and subfossil pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees from 14 lakes and 3 lakeshore sites >65 deg N, making it not only longer but also much better replicated than any existing MXD time series (for example, the widely cited Tornetraesk record contains 65 series. We carried out a number of tests to the MXD network and noted the robustness of the long-term trends, but also the importance of including living trees from the lakeshore to form a seamless transition to the subfossil material preserved in the lakes. Calibration/verification with instrumental data is temporally robust and no evidence for divergence was noted. The final reconstruction (N-scan) was calibrated against regional JJA temperature and spans the 138 BC-2006 AD period.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/pages2k/euro-med2k/Esper_et_al_NatureCC_2012.txt USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11