noaa-tree-19320 Mapungubwe, South Africa 1000 Year Baobab Tree Carbon Isotope Data Woodborne, S.; Gandiwa, P.; Hall, G.; Patrut, A.; Finch, J. Mapungubwe, South Africa 1000 Year Baobab Tree Carbon Isotope Data 2016-07-25 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files 10.25921/ye8y-3g15 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19320 Investigator S. Woodborne Investigator P. Gandiwa Investigator G. Hall Investigator A. Patrut Investigator J. Finch earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,alpha cellulose,null,per mil VPDB,null,tree ring,composited|corrected,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization; composite of 9 trees earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,alpha cellulose,null,per mil VPDB,null,tree ring,composited|corrected|smoothed,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization; smooth: 21-year biweight mean; composite of 5 trees earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,alpha cellulose,variance,per mil VPDB,null,tree ring,composited|corrected|smoothed,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization; smooth: 21-year biweight variance; composite of 5 trees earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,alpha cellulose,null,per mil VPDB,null,tree ring,composited|corrected,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization; composite of 5 trees earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,alpha cellulose,null,per mil VPDB,null,tree ring,composited|corrected|smoothed,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization; smooth: 21-year biweight mean; composite of 9 trees earth science paleoclimate tree ring age,null,null,year Common Era,null,tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,alpha cellulose,variance,per mil VPDB,null,tree ring,composited|corrected|smoothed,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization; smooth: 21-year biweight variance; composite of 9 trees earth science paleoclimate tree-ring carbon isotopes geoscientificInformation ADDI Adansonia digitata baobab monkey bread tree 999 AD 2014 AD 951 cal yr BP -64 cal yr BP Complete -23.262856 -22.183267 29.277717 31.555185 500 500 Continent Africa Southern Africa South Africa Mapungubwe>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Stephan Woodborne, Patience Gandiwa, Grant Hall, Adrian Patrut, and Jemma Finch 2016 PLoS ONE e0159361 11 7 10.1371/journal.pone.0159361 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159361

Carbon isotope analysis of four baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) trees from the Pafuri region of South Africa yielded a 1000-year proxy rainfall record. The Pafuri record age model was based on 17 radiocarbon dates, cross correlation of the climate record, and ring structures that were presumed to be annual for two of the trees. Here we present the analysis of five additional baobabs from the Mapungubwe region, approximately 200km west of Pafuri. The Mapungubwe chronology demonstrates that ring structures are not necessarily annually formed, and accordingly the Pafuri chronology is revised. Changes in intrinsic water-use efficiency indicate an active response by the trees to elevated atmospheric CO2, but this has little effect on the environmental signal. The revised Pafuri record, and the new Mapungubwe record correlate significantly with local rainfall. Both records confirm that the Medieval Warm Period was substantially wetter than present, and the Little Ice Age was the driest period in the last 1000 years. Although Mapungubwe is generally drier than Pafuri, both regions experience elevated rainfall peaking between AD 1570 and AD 1620 after which dry conditions persist in the Mapungubwe area until about AD 1840. Differences between the two records correlate with Agulhas Current sea-surface temperature variations suggesting east/west displacement of the temperate tropical trough system as an underlying mechanism. The Pafuri and Mapungubwe records are combined to provide a regional climate proxy record for the northern summer rainfall area of southern Africa. STUDY NOTES: Carbon isotopic data of tree rings from South African baobab trees (Adansonia digitata L.) as a rainfall proxy. Composite record derived from 5 boabab trees. IITRDB20

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/africa/mapungubwe-pafuri2016d13c.txt Data File; Mapungubwe-Pafuri Combined Baobab Tree Carbon Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/africa/mapungubwe2016d13c.txt Data File; Mapungubwe Baobab Tree Carbon Isotope Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-03-01 2019-03-01