noaa-tree-23374 Lapland 1,600 Year Tree-Ring Carbon Isotope Data Helama, S.; Arppe, L.; Uusitalo, J.; Holopainen, J.; Mäkelä, H.M.; Mäkinen, H.; Mielikäinen, K.; Nöjd, P.; Sutinen, R.; Taavitsainen, J.-P.; Timonen, M.; Oinonen, M. Lapland 1,600 Year Tree-Ring Carbon Isotope Data 2018-01-22 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files 10.25921/meac-7218 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23374 Investigator S. Helama Investigator L. Arppe Investigator J. Uusitalo Investigator J. Holopainen Investigator H.M. Mäkelä Investigator H. Mäkinen Investigator K. Mielikäinen Investigator P. Nöjd Investigator R. Sutinen Investigator J.-P. Taavitsainen Investigator M. Timonen Investigator M. Oinonen earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,cellulose,null,per mil,annual,tree ring,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,units multiplied by 100 earth science paleoclimate tree ring age,null,null,year Common Era,null,tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate tree ring sample identification,null,null,null,null,tree ring,null,null,N,core ID earth science paleoclimate tree ring delta 13C,cellulose,null,per mil,annual,tree ring,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate tree-ring carbon isotopes geoscientificInformation 415 AD 2012 AD 1535 cal yr BP -62 cal yr BP Complete 68.4 68.5 22 28 Continent Europe Northern Europe Scandanavia Finland Lapland>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Samuli Helama, Laura Arppe, Joonas Uusitalo, Jari Holopainen, Hanna M. Mäkelä, Harri Mäkinen, Kari Mielikäinen, Pekka Nöjd, Raimo Sutinen, Jussi-Pekka Taavitsainen, Mauri Timonen, Markku Oinonen 2018 Scientific Reports 1339 8 10.1038/s41598-018-19760-w https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19760-w Samuli Helama, Laura Arppe, Joonas Uusitalo, Hanna M. Mäkelä, Markku Oinonen, and Kari Mielikäinen 2016 Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 226-227 199-212 10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.06.005 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192316303021

The large volcanic eruptions of AD 536 and 540 led to climate cooling and contributed to hardships of Late Antiquity societies throughout Eurasia, and triggered a major environmental event in the historical Roman Empire. Our set of stable carbon isotope records from subfossil tree rings demonstrates a strong negative excursion in AD 536 and 541-544. Modern data from these sites show that carbon isotope variations are driven by solar radiation. A model based on sixth century isotopes reconstruct an irradiance anomaly for AD 536 and 541-544 of nearly three standard deviations below the mean value based on modern data. This anomaly can be explained by a volcanic dust veil reducing solar radiation and thus primary production threatening food security over a multitude of years. We offer a hypothesis that persistently low irradiance contributed to remarkably simultaneous outbreaks of famine and Justinianic plague in the eastern Roman Empire with adverse effects on crop production and photosynthesis of the vitamin D in human skin and thus, collectively, human health. Our results provide a hitherto unstudied proxy for exploring the mechanisms of 'volcanic summers' to demonstrate the post-eruption deficiencies in sunlight and to explain the human consequences during such calamity years. STUDY NOTES: A discontinuous tree-ring d13C chronology has been developed from living and subfossil scots pine (Pinus sylvestris; PISY) samples for Lapland. Data include d13C series from five living trees and five subfossil trunks. IITRDB32

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/europe/finland/lapland2018d13c.rwl Decadal Format File; Lapland Tree-Ring Carbon Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/europe/finland/lapland2018d13c.txt NOAA Template File; Lapland Tree-Ring Carbon Isotope Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-17 2018-12-17