# Caribbean 500 Year Shipwreck Frequency and Tree Growth Suppression Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20105 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/caribbean/trouet2016ship.txt # # Original_Source_URL: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Historical # # Parameter_Keywords: document #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-05-02 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Caribbean 500 Year Shipwreck Frequency and Tree Growth Suppression Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Trouet, V.; Harley, G.L.; Dominguez-Delmas, M. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Documentary time series of Spanish shipwrecks (1495-1825 CE) in the Caribbean, # plus Florida Keys tree growth suppression data (1707-2009 CE), interpreted as tropical cyclone proxies. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Valerie Trouet, Grant L. Harley, and Marta Dominguez-Delmas # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-03-22 # Published_Title: Shipwreck rates reveal Caribbean tropical cyclone response to past radiative forcing # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: 113 # Edition: # Issue: 12 # Pages: 3169-3174 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519566113 # Online_Resource: http://www.pnas.org/content/113/12/3169 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Assessing the impact of future climate change on North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity is of crucial societal importance, but the limited quantity and quality of observational records interferes with the skill of future TC projections. In particular, North Atlantic TC response to radiative forcing is poorly understood and creates the dominant source of uncertainty for twenty-first-century projections. Here, we study TC variability in the Caribbean during the Maunder Minimum (MM; 1645-1715 CE), a period defined by the most severe reduction in solar irradiance in documented history (1610-present). For this purpose, we combine a documentary time series of Spanish shipwrecks in the Caribbean (1495-1825 CE) with a tree-growth suppression chronology from the Florida Keys (1707-2009 CE). We find a 75% reduction in decadal-scale Caribbean TC activity during the MM, which suggests modulation of the influence of reduced solar irradiance by the cumulative effect of cool North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, El Nino-like conditions, and a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our results emphasize the need to enhance our understanding of the response of these oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns to radiative forcing and climate change to improve the skill of future TC projections. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1002479, 0538420 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US Fish and Wildlife Service # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Caribbean Sea # Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Caribbean Sea # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 25.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 15.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: -60.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: -85.0 # Elevation: 0 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Trouet2016ship # Earliest_Year: 1495 # Most_Recent_Year: 1825 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age, , , Common Era, , , , ,N ## shipwrecks shipwrecks, , , , , Historical, Spanish shipwreck events that occurred in the Caribbean, ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_CE shipwrecks 1495 6 1496 0 1497 0 1498 0 1499 0 1500 4 1501 2 1502 26 1503 0 1504 0 1505 1 1506 0 1507 0 1508 20 1509 21 1510 0 1511 1 1512 0 1513 0 1514 0 1515 1 1516 0 1517 0 1518 0 1519 2 1520 1 1521 1 1522 0 1523 2 1524 0 1525 2 1526 2 1527 4 1528 0 1529 0 1530 0 1531 0 1532 0 1533 0 1534 0 1535 0 1536 0 1537 2 1538 0 1539 0 1540 0 1541 0 1542 1 1543 0 1544 1 1545 26 1546 0 1547 1 1548 0 1549 0 1550 3 1551 5 1552 2 1553 38 1554 5 1555 6 1556 5 1557 0 1558 0 1559 7 1560 1 1561 0 1562 1 1563 1 1564 5 1565 5 1566 2 1567 13 1568 0 1569 0 1570 0 1571 4 1572 7 1573 0 1574 4 1575 0 1576 1 1577 1 1578 0 1579 2 1580 0 1581 0 1582 2 1583 0 1584 4 1585 0 1586 4 1587 1 1588 1 1589 4 1590 16 1591 29 1592 1 1593 2 1594 0 1595 1 1596 1 1597 2 1598 0 1599 0 1600 15 1601 0 1602 1 1603 5 1604 1 1605 3 1606 0 1607 0 1608 0 1609 2 1610 7 1611 0 1612 0 1613 0 1614 12 1615 1 1616 1 1617 1 1618 2 1619 0 1620 0 1621 3 1622 12 1623 6 1624 0 1625 0 1626 0 1627 0 1628 10 1629 0 1630 4 1631 20 1632 0 1633 0 1634 2 1635 2 1636 1 1637 0 1638 0 1639 3 1640 0 1641 9 1642 0 1643 2 1644 0 1645 0 1646 0 1647 6 1648 0 1649 0 1650 0 1651 1 1652 0 1653 0 1654 0 1655 0 1656 0 1657 3 1658 0 1659 4 1660 0 1661 0 1662 0 1663 0 1664 0 1665 0 1666 0 1667 0 1668 0 1669 0 1670 0 1671 0 1672 4 1673 0 1674 0 1675 0 1676 0 1677 0 1678 0 1679 0 1680 5 1681 0 1682 0 1683 0 1684 0 1685 0 1686 0 1687 1 1688 1 1689 3 1690 0 1691 0 1692 0 1693 0 1694 0 1695 3 1696 1 1697 0 1698 0 1699 1 1700 0 1701 0 1702 0 1703 0 1704 0 1705 4 1706 1 1707 0 1708 0 1709 0 1710 0 1711 1 1712 0 1713 0 1714 1 1715 5 1716 0 1717 0 1718 0 1719 3 1720 2 1721 2 1722 0 1723 0 1724 5 1725 0 1726 0 1727 0 1728 0 1729 0 1730 2 1731 2 1732 1 1733 23 1734 2 1735 0 1736 0 1737 2 1738 2 1739 1 1740 1 1741 4 1742 2 1743 0 1744 0 1745 0 1746 0 1747 0 1748 1 1749 0 1750 1 1751 1 1752 7 1753 0 1754 0 1755 1 1756 0 1757 1 1758 2 1759 0 1760 1 1761 0 1762 1 1763 1 1764 0 1765 0 1766 12 1767 0 1768 19 1769 0 1770 2 1771 1 1772 4 1773 0 1774 1 1775 0 1776 0 1777 1 1778 0 1779 5 1780 1 1781 0 1782 0 1783 2 1784 0 1785 0 1786 1 1787 0 1788 2 1789 0 1790 1 1791 0 1792 3 1793 0 1794 13 1795 0 1796 0 1797 1 1798 0 1799 0 1800 0 1801 0 1802 1 1803 2 1804 0 1805 1 1806 0 1807 0 1808 3 1809 1 1810 2 1811 2 1812 0 1813 2 1814 1 1815 0 1816 1 1817 0 1818 3 1819 0 1820 0 1821 6 1822 3 1823 3 1824 2 1825 0