Dominion Range Ice Core Data: Readme file -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center A - Paleoclimatology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Dominion Range Ice Core Data CONTRIBUTOR: Paul Mayewski, University of New Hampshire SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Mayewski, P., 1998, Dominion Range Ice Core Data. International Ice Core Data Cooperative. IGBP Pages/World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology, NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Mayewski, P.A. et al., 1995, An Ice-core based, late Holocene history for the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Contributions to Antarctic Research IV, Antarctic Res. Series, 67, 33-45. Mayewski, P.A. and M.R. Legrand, 1990, Recent increase in nitrate concentration of Antarctic snow, Nature, 346, 258-260. Mayewski, P.A., M.S. Twickler, W. B. Lyons, M.J. Spencer, D.A. Meese, A J. Gow, P. Grootes, T. Sowers, M.S. Watson, and E. Saltzman, 1990, The Dominion Range ice core, Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica- General site and core characteristics with implications, J. Glaciol., 36, 11-16. Mayewski, P.A., W.B. Lyons, M.J. Spencer, M.S. Twickler, P.M. Grootes and M. Stuiver, 1988, A climatic record using an ice core from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica (abstract), Annals of Glaciol., 10. Mayewski, P.A., Lyons, W.B., Spencer, M.J., Twickler, M.S., Grootes, P., and Stuiver, M., 1988, A climatic record using an ice core from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, Annals of Glaciology 10: 211. LAST UPDATE: 1998 (Original receipt by International Ice Core Data Cooperative) GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. LIST OF FILES: readme_dominion.txt (this file), pit_6m_chem.txt, pit_6m_beta.txt, pit_6m_density.txt, pit_dr3s_density.txt, pit_dr3s_chem.txt, pit_dr5_chem.txt, pit_dr7_chem.txt, pit_dr3n_chem.txt, pit_dr3n_density.txt, pb210_data.txt, core_18o.txt, core_84_chem.txt, core_chem.txt. DESCRIPTION: The Dominion Range is the first in a series of planned Transantarctic Mountains ice-core sites. The Dominion Range is located along the edge of the East Antarctic ice sheet, approximately 500 km from the South Pole and 120 km from the Ross Ice Shelf, at the confluence of Beardmore and Mill Glaciers. These glaciers, along with several other outlet glaciers in the Queen Maud Mountains (sub-sector of the Transantarctic Mountains), drain the Titan Dome area of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Approximately half of the Dominion Range is ice free and the average elevation of the range is 2700 m. Between 20 November and 14 December 1984, a tent camp was operated in the Dominion Range. Due to logistic restraints, all aspects of the study, including reconnaissance, site characterization, and attempted recovery of a 201 m core were undertaken in the same field season. Results of site and core characteriztion, specifically ice surface and ice thickness, bore-hole temperature, mean annual net accumulation, cryastal size, crystal fabric, oxygen-isotope composition, and examples of ice chemistry (Cl-, SO2-4, MSA), and isotopic composition of trapped gases are published in the Journal of Glaciology (Vol. 36, No. 122, 1990). Dominion Range (Location--166o10'E, 85o15'S, Elevation--2,700 meters) One 6 meter snow pit was dug and sampled in 1984-1985 with a 3 cm sampling interval. Four 1 meter snow pits were dug and sampled in 1984-1985 with a 3 cm sampling interval. One core was drilled in the austral summer of1984-1985 to a depth of 160 meters. DATA SETS AVAILABLE: From the 6 meter snow pit: Chemistry, beta profile, density From the 1 meter snow pits: Chemistry, density From the Ice Core: Chemistry (Na, NH4, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4, MSA), particles,lead-210. The pits were dug and sampled at a 3 cm interval by the Glacier Research Group (GRG), using established protocols to prevent contamination. The samples for major ion chemistry remained frozen until melted for analysis in the GRG lab, located at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). The core was drilled for GRG by the Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO). All core processing was done by GRG using established protocols to prevent contamination. A portion of the core, 12-18 meters did not survive transport from Antarctica to the United States. Ten discontinuous portions of the core (centered around ECM peaks) were sampled at approximately 3 cm intervals and analyzed in 1985-6 (18-20 m; 27-31 m; 33-41 m; 45-54 m; 61-63 m; 67-71 m; 74-6m; 80-81 m; 85-90 m; 93-96m m). Chemistry from these sections consists of Cl, NO3, SO4, and Na. The remaining sections of core were sampled continuously in 20 cm sections in 1991. Chemistry for these samples consists of Cl, NO3, SO4, MSA, Na, NH4, K, Mg, Ca and insoluable particles. All data except the stable oxygen isotope data, which is from Piet Grootes at the University of Washington, was generated by GRG. Analytical methods: Initial major ion analyses (for the snow pits and the initial core processing) consisted of determination of major anion concentrations (Cl, NO3, SO4) by ion chromatography and of sodium (Na) by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A portion of the refrozen sample remaining from the 6 meter pit was analyzed by ion chromatography in 1989-90 for the suite of major cations. Core samples processed in 1991 were analyzed for major anion, major cation and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) by ion chromatograpy and for insoluble microparticle concentrations. The latter were determined on a Elzone 280 PC housed in a clean room at UNH (64 logarithmically spaced channels from 0.65 micrometers to 13 micrometers). Beta samples were melted, acidified, and filtered through cation exchange filters. The filters were counted with a gas-flow proportional counter at UNH. Lead-210 was determined by alpha spectrometric counting of Po-210 which had been plated onto silver planchets. MSA was determined on the initial suite (1984) of samples by Pai Yei Whung at the University of Miami as part of her Ph.D. disseration. Na values determined by both atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and ion chromatography (IC) for the 6 meter pit are presented. Differences between the two values reflect analytical uncertainty and perhaps also the presence of insoluble Na in the samples that would be detected by AAS but not by IC. Contact: Sallie Whitlow, Glacier Research Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 603-862-4129 siw@unh.edu. Dr. Paul Mayewski, Glacier Research Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 603-862-3146. These are the data sets available for the Dominion Range Data Fields -999 indicates no data -888 indicates sample below the level of detection Precision is the average of the coefficient of variations calculated for each pair of duplicate aliquots analyzed. pit_6m_chem.txt: Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters; Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 3% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precison 3% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 3% Sodium (Na) by AAS, micrograms/L; precision 20% Sodium (Na) by IC, micrograms/L; precision 3% Potassium (K) by IC, micrograms/L; precision 4% Magnesium (Mg) by IC, micrograms/L; precision 3% Calcium (Ca) by IC, micrograms/L; precision 9% Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Date, fraction of year; pit_6m_beta.txt: Top, meters; Bottom, meters; Counts per hour per kilogram pit_6m_density.txt: Depth, meter Density, grams per centimeter cubed pit_dr3s_density.txt: Top, meters; Bottom, meters; Density, grams per centimeter cubed pit_dr3s_chem.txt Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Sodium (Na) by AAS, micrograms/L; precision 20% Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 3% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precison 3% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 3% pit_dr5_chem.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Sodium (Na) by AAS, micrograms/L; precision 20% Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 3% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precison 3% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 3 % Density, grams per centimeter cubed pit_dr7_chem.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Sodium (Na) by AAS, micrograms/L; precision 20% Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 3% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precison 3% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 3% Density, grams per centimeter cubed pit_dr3n_chem.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Sodium (Na) by AAS, micrograms/L; precision 20% Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 3% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precison 3% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 3% pit_dr3n_density.txt: Top, meters; Bottom, meters; Density, grams per centimeter cubed pb210_data.txt: Top, meters; Bottom, meters; Pb-210 Activity, dissintegrations per minute per kilogram (dpm/Kg); Sigma, one sigma uncertainty, dpm/Kg core_18o.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation core_84_chem.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 1% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precison 2% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 2% Sodium (Na) by AAS, micrograms/L; precision 20% core_chem.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Sodium (Na), micrograms/liter; precision 2% to 20%* Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; precision 5 % Potassium (K), micrograms/L; precision 4 % Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; precision 3% Calcium (Ca), micrograms/L; precision 4% Chloride (Cl), micrograms/L; precision 2% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precision 3% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 3% MSA (methanesulfonic acid), micrograms/L; precison 15% Particles, total number of particles per milliliter between 0.7 micrometers and 11.3 micrometers (size based on the assumption that the particles are spherical). General comments on the core chemistry data The data for the Core_CHEM is a melding of the 20 cm sections processed in 1991 and averaged values from the 1984-5 processing, including the 6 meter snow pit. This the data set used to generate the figures in the Antarcitc Research Series paper. The firn samples in 1984 were processed with a lexan saw, the ice samples were rinsed with super pure water and melted in precleaned containers. The samples processed in 1991 were cleaned using a routering system developed by Mark Twickler and melted in precleaned containers. The 1991 samples were analyzed the same day the samples were melted. It should be emphasized Na values analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry are probably total Na values whereas the Na values from ion chromatography analysis are for soluable Na (i.e. whatever dissolves when the sample is melted and dissolves in the acidic eluent used for cation IC analysis). # FILE: PIT_DR3S_DENSITY # Please read the Dominion.readme file. TOP Bottom density 0 0.06 0.348 0.06 0.12 0.352 0.12 0.18 0.436 0.18 0.24 0.424 0.24 0.3 0.396 0.3 0.36 0.394 0.36 0.42 0.388 0.42 0.48 0.316 0.48 0.54 0.374 0.54 0.6 0.352 0.6 0.66 0.394 0.66 0.72 0.356 0.72 0.78 0.356 0.78 0.84 0.328 0.84 0.9 0.352 0.9 0.96 0.4 0.96 1 0.406