EPICA Dome C Ice Cores Grain Radius Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: EPICA Dome C Ice Cores Grain Radius Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2004 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Gaël Durand and Jerome Weiss, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et de Geophysique de l'Environnement, BP 96, 38402 St Martin d'Heres Cedex, France. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-039 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Durand, G. and J. Weiss, et al. 2004. EPICA Dome C Ice Cores Grain Radius Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2004-039. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: EPICA community members. 2004. Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core. Nature, Vol. 429, No 6992, pp.623-628, June 10, 2004. doi:10.1038/nature02599. ABSTRACT: The Antarctic Vostok ice core provided compelling evidence of the nature of climate, and of climate feedbacks, over the past 420,000 years. Marine records suggest that the amplitude of climate variability was smaller before that time, but such records are often poorly resolved. Moreover, it is not possible to infer the abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from marine records. Here we report the recovery of a deepice core from Dome C, Antarctica, that provides a climate record for the past 740,000 years. For the four most recent glacial cycles, the data agree well with the record from Vostok. The earlier period, between 740,000 and 430,000 years ago, was characterized by less pronounced warmth in interglacial periods in Antarctica, but a higher proportion of each cycle was spent in the warm mode. The transition from glacial to interglacial conditions about 430,000 years ago (Termination V) resembles the transition into the present interglacial period in terms of the magnitude of change in temperatures and greenhouse gases, but there are significant differences in the patterns of change. The interglacial stage following Termination V was exceptionally long-28,000 years compared to, for example, the 12,000 years recorded so far in the present interglacial period. Given the similarities between this earlier warm period and today, our results may imply that without human intervention, a climate similar to the present one would extend well into the future. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Antarctica PERIOD OF RECORD: 2 - 696 kyr BP DESCRIPTION: Grain radius from selected samples of the EPICA Dome C ice cores, 110-3100 metres depth. Vertical thin sections were prepared in the field at a periodicity of 10 m, then digitized and analyzed using an image analysis procedure, to determine the mean grain radius. DATA: Col 1: Depth / m Col 2: Mean grain radius (mm) Depth Grain radius 110.055 0.9307 119.795 0.89553 129.855 0.98035 132.055 1.09217 135.585 1.11623 139.755 0.96952 144.95 1.01495 149.655 1.07051 152.955 1.1766 159.555 1.12941 165.055 1.12998 170.555 1.07521 176.105 1.11751 179.355 1.08704 186.065 0.99642 189.325 1.07692 199.155 1.15811 208.705 1.11158 218.46 1.15368 224.445 1.24191 229.955 1.12812 237.655 1.09198 240.405 1.1609 243.305 1.27037 247.555 1.30794 249.755 1.1977 255.255 1.35985 259.455 1.0811 271.205 1.33003 277.805 1.33124 286.605 1.3175 299.78 1.42487 302.555 1.36377 306.405 1.43244 315.205 1.32055 321.805 1.36053 326.205 1.46855 330.605 1.41113 335.005 1.42282 341.605 1.43937 343.035 1.4889 353 1.40614 355.575 1.35786 357.15 1.4306 361.845 1.59685 366.245 1.49005 369.255 1.60297 374.055 1.53367 380.765 1.57736 382.965 1.51476 387.255 1.43568 392.645 1.68056 398.255 1.57404 404.855 1.56546 409.255 1.47072 414.645 1.48336 419.045 1.65345 422.455 1.54601 431.255 1.48359 434.335 1.47025 449.845 1.48463 456.445 1.26279 476.245 1.31294 486.255 1.08576 490.655 1.21933 498.245 1.32513 519.915 1.12299 526.845 1.27246 539.055 1.30088 553.245 1.38793 561.715 1.30771 570.815 1.35346 581.075 1.28618 585.805 1.53569 590.645 1.56988 595.155 1.37368 599.995 1.46239 605.605 1.36229 610.445 1.51257 614.955 1.35592 620.015 1.54165 624.305 1.52519 629.805 1.2962 640.255 1.59927 645.095 1.63365 651.145 1.51163 655.655 1.58655 661.045 1.59195 665.005 1.61773 672.595 1.58763 674.355 1.7269 680.295 1.63042 684.255 1.70165 695.255 1.73581 699.655 1.83573 705.045 1.79079 709.005 1.69171 715.055 1.77804 720.395 1.7727 724.955 1.66924 729.355 1.75447 734.855 1.64404 740.255 1.75964 746.295 1.68677 750.255 1.61913 755.755 1.8816 760.155 1.70045 765.105 1.70894 769.505 1.70704 775.555 1.6629 786.005 1.82344 795.355 1.8357 804.155 1.67409 812.955 1.82804 817.245 1.67868 830.555 1.73725 839.355 1.76663 848.155 1.86794 861.355 1.83032 870.155 1.81436 878.955 1.93393 883.355 1.91906 892.155 1.85844 905.355 1.85122 909.755 1.86855 918.555 1.98147 931.755 2.00129 940.555 2.04966 949.355 2.07048 959.255 1.95147 968.055 1.82598 981.255 1.77579 990.055 1.74071 998.855 1.95932 1011.505 1.78938 1021.295 1.61204 1030.095 1.77168 1040.985 1.96392 1049.895 1.86925 1058.695 1.99907 1069.695 2.02649 1082.455 2.11377 1093.895 2.22214 1100.495 2.28339 1109.295 2.23322 1120.295 2.16655 1129.095 2.16175 1142.955 2.21934 1147.355 2.26413 1160.555 2.29405 1168.255 2.39785 1179.255 2.39389 1188.055 2.50039 1199.055 2.49146 1207.855 2.34674 1218.855 2.29167 1227.655 2.55714 1238.655 2.35617 1249.655 2.47309 1258.455 2.45247 1271.655 2.51594 1278.255 2.56362 1289.255 2.41139 1298.055 2.55572 1313.455 2.53138 1320.055 2.7776 1331.055 2.8223 1337.655 2.88075 1353.055 2.63164 1359.655 2.63293 1368.455 2.64238 1383.855 2.81422 1392.655 2.94814 1401.455 2.55361 1408.055 2.58661 1423.455 2.55534 1432.255 2.66704 1441.055 2.87502 1447.655 2.74891 1458.655 2.62453 1469.655 2.59984 1478.455 2.72619 1489.455 2.64625 1500.455 2.93991 1510.905 3.03369 1520.695 2.79319 1531.695 3.13589 1547.305 3.17063 1553.695 3.06832 1558.095 2.86059 1561.505 3.11764 1570.305 2.98121 1580.095 3.17397 1588.895 3.01254 1603.855 3.15667 1610.455 3.18128 1619.255 3.23778 1630.255 3.01351 1643.455 3.18776 1650.055 3.0926 1658.855 3.27495 1672.055 3.45852 1680.855 3.2676 1689.655 3.08198 1700.655 3.26717 1711.655 3.56425 1720.455 3.08495 1729.255 3.41997 1741.905 3.17367 1757.855 2.98968 1771.055 2.91566 1782.055 2.80514 1790.855 2.69438 1799.655 2.91543 1810.655 2.91319 1821.655 2.76271 1832.655 2.89355 1841.455 2.95265 1850.255 2.87179 1861.255 2.77818 1872.255 2.84144 1881.055 3.04685 1889.855 3.12024 1900.855 2.99726 1911.855 3.06307 1920.655 2.87686 1929.455 3.02108 1940.455 3.15674 1949.255 3.17542 1960.255 3.06912 1969.055 3.30599 1980.055 3.5784 1991.055 2.94908 2002.055 3.17379 2010.855 3.13966 2017.455 3.43491 2028.455 3.80121 2035.055 3.32485 2037.255 3.115 2039.455 3.40896 2041.655 3.644 2043.855 3.13587 2050.455 3.42448 2063.655 3.59037 2072.455 3.2546 2081.255 3.69108 2087.855 3.564 2098.855 4.00355 2107.655 3.84248 2120.855 3.49618 2127.455 3.44538 2140.655 3.70966 2151.655 4.11069 2162.655 3.72184 2171.455 3.49584 2180.255 3.86259 2182.455 4.0326 2184.655 3.73125 2186.855 3.88592 2189.055 3.91758 2191.255 3.53812 2193.455 3.58054 2200.055 4.06635 2204.455 4.09335 2224.255 3.94002 2255.055 4.38194 2278.705 4.05414 2288.055 4.82553 2299.055 5.22345 2309.505 5.22376 2316.105 4.90438 2329.305 2.8524 2338.105 3.85233 2351.305 3.99922 2373.305 3.98339 2395.305 3.82865 2417.305 4.43027 2456.905 4.08519 2483.305 4.71841 2500.905 5.13109 2522.905 4.30969 2544.905 4.81816 2571.305 5.05221 2597.815 5.08965 2602.105 3.18471 2628.505 2.59732 2637.305 4.67407 2641.705 4.05483 2661.505 3.84214 2672.505 5.27657 2703.415 5.65083 2729.705 5.88147 2751.705 5.29672 2760.505 5.93551 2769.305 5.75977 2780.305 4.99279 2782.505 3.29158 2786.905 2.45525 2791.305 2.18357 2793.505 2.11051 2795.705 2.80498 2800.105 2.89523 2805.055 2.96064 2808.905 3.63768 2813.305 2.62652 2817.705 2.67228 2822.105 5.06888 2835.305 5.53257 2848.505 5.94392 2861.705 5.06089 2870.505 5.66155 2879.305 4.82253 2894.705 4.84938 2896.905 4.74423 2901.305 4.61729 2905.705 3.93574 2910.105 3.46675 2914.505 2.90746 2918.905 3.08915 2923.305 3.29222 2925.505 4.97756 2947.505 6.22372 2954.215 6.78074 3000.305 7.01097 3011.305 5.96123 3012.405 4.07566 3051.015 5.32208 3099.415 6.46667