EPICA Dronning Maud Land Ice Core 64-30KYr CO2 Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: EPICA Dronning Maud Land Ice Core 64-30KYr CO2 Data LAST UPDATE: 10/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Lüthi, D., B. Bereiter, B. Stauffer, R. Winkler, J. Schwander, P. Kindler, M. Leuenberger, S. Kipfstuhl, E. Capron, A. Landais, H. Fischer, and T.F. Stocker. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-102 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Lüthi, D., et al. 2010. EPICA Dronning Maud Land Ice Core 64-30KYr CO2 Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-102. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Lüthi, D., B. Bereiter, B. Stauffer, R. Winkler, J. Schwander, P. Kindler, M. Leuenberger, S. Kipfstuhl, E. Capron, A. Landais, H. Fischer, and T.F. Stocker. 2010. CO2 and O2/N2 variations in and just below the bubble-clathrate transformation zone of Antarctic ice cores. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 297, pp. 226-233. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.023 ABSTRACT: CO2 measurements on the EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) DML ice core in depth levels just below the bubble ice-clathrate ice transformation zone (1230-2240 m depth) were performed. In the youngest part (1230-1600 m), they reveal variations of up to 25 ppmv around the mean atmospheric concentration within centimetres, corresponding to a snow deposition interval of a few years. Similar results are found at corresponding depth regions of the Dome C and the Talos Dome ice cores. Since we can exclude all hitherto known processes altering the concentration of CO2 in ice cores, we present a hypothesis about spatial fractionation of air components related to episodically increasing clathrate formation followed by diffusion processes from bubbles to clathrates. This hypothesis is supported by optical line-scan observations and by O2/N2 measurements at the same depth where strong CO2 variations are detected. Below the clathrate formation zone, this small-scale fractionation process is slowly smoothed out, most likely by diffusion, regaining the initial mean atmospheric concentration. Although this process compromises the representativeness of a single CO2 measurement on small ice samples in the clathrate formation zone of an ice core, it does not affect the mean atmospheric CO2 concentration if CO2 values are averaged over a sufficiently long depth scale (>10 cm in case of the EPICA DML ice core). GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Antarctica PERIOD OF RECORD: 64-30 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: This work is a contribution to the "European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica" (EPICA), a joint ESF (European Science Foundation)/EC scientific program, funded by the European Commission and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The authors acknowledge financial support by the Swiss NSF, the University of Bern, and the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation. DESCRIPTION: CO2 record from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core covering the time period between 64000 and 30000 yr BP. EPICA Dronning Maud Land Ice Core: 75°00'S; 00°04'E, 2892 m elev. DATA: EPICA Dronning Maud Land Ice Core CO2 Data Column 1: Depth (m) Column 2: Gas Age (year before 1950AD) Column 3: CO2 Concentration (ppm) Column 4: One sigma error of CO2 Concentration (ppm) Depth GasAge CO2 1-sigma error 1207.52 30775.61 176.7 6.8 1218.51 31432.28 186.2 2.5 1226.56 31880.32 193.1 3.6 1231.52 32141.38 192.7 6 1243.53 32812.32 197.7 6.8 1255.52 33499.81 205.2 14.7 1262.5 33931.74 196.3 6.6 1267.57 34258.86 195.3 2.7 1276.57 34745.98 202.9 2.6 1279.57 34895.22 203.4 2.9 1288.56 35349.46 200.8 3.7 1291.55 35500.93 197.6 3.4 1298.9 35924.27 200.3 2.6 1303.57 36199.58 207.8 2.6 1310.59 36622.76 205 7.6 1315.55 36905.15 209 11.5 1324.59 37365.9 208.1 7 1327.57 37500.19 215.2 10.1 1336.9 37940.38 213.3 2.4 1339.57 38053.26 205.5 7.1 1348.9 38483.89 204.6 2.9 1351.57 38606.3 208.3 0.7 1360.49 39051.72 209.2 7 1363.57 39235.13 208.4 3.3 1372.52 39750.42 194.4 4.4 1375.57 39927.21 200.8 6.1 1384.59 40481.73 193.4 3.6 1387.55 40656.71 193.9 8.6 1395.52 41102.73 198 3.4 1398.57 41281.5 194.2 4.6 1407.59 41810.29 197.3 2.6 1410.64 42011.46 203.1 0.2 1419.56 42581.65 199.5 5.4 1423.64 42837.97 196.5 0.3 1431.53 43344.71 200.8 6.5 1435.62 43602.43 193.8 3 1444.57 44172.99 199.3 3.8 1447.64 44363.2 188.6 4.5 1455.61 44878.09 200 4.1 1459.65 45158.15 212.4 1 1466.58 45605.57 209.1 6.3 1471.64 45902.52 212 1.6 1480.59 46419.24 217.6 5.9 1483.64 46600.14 207.4 0.9 1491.41 46984.13 206.8 3.6 1495.64 47170.19 199.7 6.4 1503.59 47565.5 205.3 3.6 1508.63 47868.59 200.3 3.7 1515.5 48332 199.1 3 1518.57 48511.24 193.6 3 1526.58 49015.69 199.4 2.3 1531.77 49331.59 202.4 2.7 1538.6 49736.84 200.3 2.2 1543.57 50107.49 202.8 3 1550.59 50585.67 205.9 5.6 1556.57 50951.37 205.3 4.8 1563.91 51390.12 210.4 4.5 1567.63 51599.75 210.7 3.1 1569.95 51731.81 213.8 3.2 1575.9 52089.3 218 7.2 1580.64 52440.6 215.9 2.7 1581.94 52785.98 220.4 1 1587.92 52933.53 219 7.1 1590.63 53132.09 218.4 5.6 1593.97 53511.38 212.7 5 1600.91 53612.87 214.5 3.6 1602.63 53801.43 211.9 3.2 1605.97 54161.42 208.7 1.8 1611.92 54381.66 209.4 3.8 1615.63 54526.65 209.7 1.4 1617.97 54899.74 209.5 3.6 1623.88 55288.23 205 0.7 1628.64 55744.54 205.4 1 1629.95 55939.13 203.7 4.6 1636.92 56090.68 208.2 1.4 1639.63 56474.44 210.7 2.5 1641.97 56867.8 214.2 1.6 1647.88 57230.19 219 2 1652.64 57591.04 225.7 1.9 1653.95 57883.67 218.4 1.3 1659.92 58147.07 221.6 5.7 1664.64 58276.3 226.8 7.3 1665.94 58588.15 223.4 1.9 1670.9 58911.23 221.4 6.9 1675.58 59225.76 216.7 1.7 1677.95 59489.29 212.9 1.4 1683.92 59622.57 217.3 1.2 1688.64 59902.7 213.8 2.8 1689.94 60114.84 208 2.5 1695.92 60269.98 210.6 2 1700.63 60599.37 210.9 1.4 1702.97 60931.72 206.4 2.4 1707.92 61534 202.6 1.6 1711.63 61763.36 202.7 4.7 1713.94 61946.53 200.1 1.3 1718.92 62480.86 197.4 2.4 1723.63 62742.78 197.2 1.6 1731.92 62924.5 199.7 2.6 1734.8 63379.87 203.7 1.2 1736.95 63590.16 201.7 2.4 1743.97 63750.75 199.2 1.3