Newall Glacier Ice Core Data: Readme file -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center A - Paleoclimatology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Newall Glacier Ice Core Data CONTRIBUTOR: Paul Mayewski, University of New Hampshire SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Mayewski, P., 1998, Newall Glacier Ice Core Data. International Ice Core Data Cooperative. IGBP Pages/World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology, NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Mayewski, P.A. et al., 1995, An Ice-core based, late Holocene history for the Transantarctic mountains, Antarctica. Contributions to Antarctic Research IV, Antarctic Res. Series, 67, 33-45. Welch, K.A., P.A. Mayewski, and S.I. Whitlow, 1993, Methanesulfonic acid in coastal Antarctic snow related to sea-ice extent. GRL, 20, 443-446. Welch, K.A. et al., (in review) Marine and polar continental air mass influence on glaciochemical records from the Dry Valley region of Antarctica. Atmos. Environ. Welch, K.A. 1993, Glaciochemical investigations of the Newall Glacier, southern Victoria Land, Antarctia. MS thesis, University of New Hampshire. LAST UPDATE: 1998 (Original receipt by International Ice Core Data Cooperative) GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. LIST OF FILES: readme_newall.txt (this file), core_chem.txt, pb210_data.txt, pit_87_strat.txt, core_density.txt, pit_87_beta.txt, pit_88_beta.txt, core_temp.txt, pit_87_chem.txt, pit_88_chem.txt. DESCRIPTION: Newall Glacier (162o30'E, 77o35'S) 6M snow pit dug and sampled in 1987, 2.25 cm sampling interval 4M snow pit dug and sampled in 1988, 1 cm sampling interval Two cores drilled austral summer1988-1989; core A,175 meters and core B, 150 meters DATA SETS AVAILABLE: Snow pit, 1987: Chemistry, Beta profile, Stratigraphy Snow pit, 1988: Chemistry, Beta profile Core, 1988: Chemistry, Lead-210 profile, Density profile, Temperature profile The pits were dug and sampled by the Glacier Research Group (GRG), using established protocols to prevent contamination. The samples for major ion chemistry remained frozen until melted for analysis in the GRG lab, located at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). The cores were drilled for GRG by the polar ice coring organization (PICO), all core processing was done by GRG using established protocols to prevent contamination. All data except the stable oxygen isotope data which is from the University of Washington was generated by GRG. Analytical methods: Major ions were analyzed using suppressed ion chromatography with Fast Cation I and Fast Cation II (for cations) and AS4A (for anions) Dionex columns. Sample loop size was 0.5 ml. Data was collected using the Dionex AI-450 software. MSA was determined using either the Dionex Omnipak 500 (snow pits samples) or AS4 column (core samples) and a 1 ml sample loop. Beta samples were melted, acidified, and filtered through cation exchange filters. The filters were counted with a gas-flow proportional counter at UNH. Lead-210 was determined by alpha spectrometric counting of Po-210 which had been plated onto silver planchets. Insoluble microparticles were determined on a Elzone 280 PC housed in a clean room at UNH (64 logarithmically spaced channels from 0.65 micormeters to 13 micrometers). Contact: Sallie Whitlow, Glacier Research Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 603-862-4129 siw@unh.edu. Dr. Paul Mayewski, Glacier Research Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 603-862-3146. Data Fields -999 indicates no data -888 indicates sample below the level of detection Precision is the average of the coefficient of variations calculated for each pair of duplicate aliquots analyzed (20% of the samples). High sodium values obscured the NH4 peak in some of the pit samples. NH4 values are not given for the core due to problems integrating the small NH4 peak which follows the large Na peak. pit_87_chem.txt: Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters; Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation; Sodium (Na), micromoles per liter; precision 3% Ammonium (NH4), micromoles/L; precision 19% Potassium (K), micromoles/L; precision 4% Magnesium (Mg), micromoles/L; precision 3% Calcium (Ca), micromoles/L; precision 9% Chloride (Cl), micromoles/L; precision 3% Nitrate (NO3), micromoles/L; precison 3% Sulfate (SO4), micromoles/L; precision 3% Acidity (H+), micromoles/L; precision 28% MSA (methanesulfonic acid), micromoles/L; precision 10% Date, year; dating good to +/- 1 year pit_88_chem.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation; Sodium (Na), micromoles per liter; precision 2% Ammonium (NH4), micromoles/L; precision 11% Potassium (K), micromoles/L; precision 6% Magnesium (Mg), micromoles/L; precision 2% Calcium (Ca), micromoles/L; precision 4% Chloride (Cl), micromoles/L; precision 2% Nitrate (NO3), micromoles/L; precision 3% Sulfate (SO4), micromoles/L; precision 2% MSA (methanesulfonic acid), micromoles/L; Age, year, +/- 1 year pit_87_beta.txt: Depth, meters; Counts per hour per kilogram pit_88_beta.txt: Mid-depth, meters; Counts per hour per kilogram core_density.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meter, Grams per cubic centimeter core_temp.txt: Depth, meters Temperature, degrees C pb210_data.txt: Depth, meters; Pb-210 Activity, dissentigrations per minute per kilogram (dpm/Kg); Sigma, one sigma uncertainty, dpm/Kg core_chem.txt: Top depth, meters; Bottom depth, meters; Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation; Sodium (Na), microequivalents per liter; precision 2% Potassium (K), microequivalents/L; precision 1 % Magnesium (Mg), microequivalents/L; precision 2% Calcium (Ca), microequivalents/L; precision 2% Chloride (Cl), microequivalents/L; precision 1% Nitrate (NO3), microequivalents/L; precision 1% Sulfate (SO4), microequivalents/L; precision 1% MSA (methanesulfonic acid), micromoles/L; precison 15% Acidity (H+), micromoles/L; precision better than 20% but not quantified. Particles, total number of particles per milliliter between 0.7 micrometers and 11.3 micrometers (size based on the assumption that the particles are spherical). General comments on the core chemistry data All chemistry samples from 0 to 142 meters are from the B core. All data for depths greater than 142 meters are from the A core. Firn samples were cut on a lexan saw and then melted in precleaned containers. Ice samples rinsed with milliQ water and melted in precleaned containers. Blanks that were processed as the samples were processed indicated that core processing was not introducing any contamination. A few samples were frozen after being aliquoted and analyzed the following day. A few samples were analyzed for H2O2, all were below the detection limit and the data is included in the chemistry data file. Samples are discontinuous at bottom due to poor core quality. An ash layer was observed in the B core at 141.26 meters. Ash layers were observed in the A core at 140.24 meters, 148 meters, 151.5 meters and 158.5 meters Dating on the core is uncertain, see Mayewski et al., 1995. It is certain that the bottom of the core is still in the Holocene. Based on Haefeli model, 30.22 meters is 500 ybp (years before present); 47.25 meters is 1000 ybp,and 67.75 meters is 2000 ybp. NEWALL GLACIER DENSITY DATA REFERENCES: Mayewski, P.A. et al. 1995. An ice-core based, late Holocene history for the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Contributions to Antarctic Research IV, Antarctic Res. Series, 67:33-45. Welch, K.A. 1993. Glaciochemical investigations of the Newall Glacier, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, MS thesis, University of New Hampshire. Welch, K.A. et al. (in review) Marine and polar continental air mass influence on glaciochemical records from the Dry Valley region of Antarctica. Atmos. Environ. Welch, K.A., P.A. Mayewski and S.I. Whitlow. 1993. Methanesulfonic acid in coastal Antarctic snow related to sea-ice extent. Geophys, Res. Lett., 20:443-446. DATA DESCRIPTION: # FILE: CORE_DENSITY # Please read the Newall_Glacier file for information on this data set. DATA: TOP BOTTOM DENSITY 0.33 0.515 0.322 0.82 1 0.361 1 1.33 0.377 1.62 1.78 0.414 1.78 2 0.31 2.49 2.7 0.207 3 3.2 0.35 3.7 4 0.195 4 4.25 0.38 4.25 4.5 0.467 4.5 4.75 0.451 4.75 5 0.474 5.3 5.5 0.495 5.5 5.8 0.545 5.8 6 0.491 6.3 6.5 0.544 6.5 6.75 0.539 6.75 7 0.546 7.5 7.75 0.581 7.75 8 0.552 8.5 8.75 0.573 8.75 9 0.591 9.5 9.75 0.601 9.75 10 0.565 10.5 10.75 0.59 10.75 11 0.569 11 11.25 0.589 11.75 12 0.646 13 13.29 0.602 14 14.35 0.597 17.74 17.99 0.656 19.41 19.51 0.69 23 23.34 0.719 24.9 25 0.7 26 26.27 0.731 27.34 27.46 0.768 28 28.19 0.751 28.86 29 0.775 31.05 31.3 0.788 33.81 34 0.801 34.8 35 0.802 37 37.2 0.826 39 39.08 0.84 40.82 41 0.832 43 43.17 0.868 47 47.23 0.87 51 51.22 0.877 56 56.22 0.883 59.8 60 0.875 63 63.22 0.895 68 68.11 0.889 70.22 70.42 0.89 73 73.26 0.899 76 76.26 0.892 81 81.23 0.897 85 85.26 0.899 91.39 91.57 0.907 103 103.15 0.921 111 111.16 0.904 129 129.19 0.904