Greenland Positive Matrix Factorization Model Results ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Greenland Positive Matrix Factorization Model Results LAST UPDATE: 7/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Ryan Banta, Desert Research Institute IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-073 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Banta, R., et al. 2008. Greenland Positive Matrix Factorization Model Results. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-073. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Banta, J.R., J.R. McConnell, R. Edwards, and J.P. Engelbrecht. 2008. Delineation of carbonate dust, aluminous dust, and sea salt deposition in a Greenland glaciochemical array using positive matrix factorization. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q07013, doi:10.1029/2007GC001908. ABSTRACT: High-resolution trace element records from polar ice cores are fundamental to identifying spatial and temporal variability in dust and sea salt aerosols. Here, we developed high temporal resolution glaciochemical records over recent centuries from an array of seven recently collected Greenland ice cores. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to assess apportionment of trace elements between three unique sources, which were identified as proxies of carbonate dust, aluminous dust, and sea salt. The three PMF factors agree well with literature values and represent the first time carbonate and aluminous dust sources have been quantifiably differentiated using high-resolution glaciochemistry. The concentrations of all three sources varied with ice core site. However, the large array of ice cores provided a regional-scale understanding of the sources and magnitude of dust and sea salt impurities deposited on the Greenland ice sheet. At the regional level, all three sources varied on seasonal, annual, and multiyear timescales. The seasonal deposition of sea salt impurities reached a maximum in the winter, followed by spring peaks of carbonate and aluminous dust. Over the 331 year composite record, only aluminous dust exhibited a long-term increasing trend that peaked in the 1930s and was followed by a 20% decline in recent decades. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Greenland PERIOD OF RECORD: 1674 - 2003 AD FUNDING SOURCES: National Science Foundation, USA (grant #0221515 and 0352511), NASA, USA (grant #NAG5-12752 and NAG04G166G), and National Science Foundation Major Research Instrument (grants 0216552 and 0421412). DESCRIPTION: Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of high resolution glaciochemical records from an array of seven Greenland ice cores. Reported data are the annual average normalized PMF model scores, Normalized PMF score value (score/mean score) (unitless) DATA: Positive Matrix Factorization model results from Greenland glaciochemical array Normalized PMF score value (score/mean score) (unitless) Reported data are the annual average normalized PMF model scores Column 1: Year Column 2: PMF Factor 1 Column 3: PMF Factor 2 Column 4: PMF Factor 3 Year PMF1 PMF2 PMF3 1674 0.872 0.940 0.911 1675 1.395 1.045 0.782 1676 0.811 0.699 0.491 1677 1.238 2.304 1.475 1678 1.276 0.626 0.609 1679 1.142 1.226 0.984 1680 0.247 1.279 1.330 1681 0.916 0.756 0.829 1682 0.989 1.319 0.891 1683 0.593 0.579 0.431 1684 2.096 0.674 0.609 1685 0.999 0.446 0.431 1686 1.408 0.837 1.130 1687 1.793 1.339 1.122 1688 0.567 0.799 0.680 1689 2.247 0.645 0.642 1690 1.073 0.921 0.962 1691 0.818 1.130 0.980 1692 1.030 2.397 2.143 1693 0.661 0.230 0.411 1694 1.593 1.273 1.878 1695 1.015 1.782 1.315 1696 0.850 0.676 0.651 1697 0.772 0.679 0.554 1698 0.822 0.720 0.615 1699 1.446 1.287 0.900 1700 0.672 1.025 0.949 1701 0.899 0.454 0.617 1702 0.797 1.401 0.830 1703 1.619 1.400 1.091 1704 0.715 0.949 0.606 1705 0.393 0.416 0.637 1706 1.013 1.330 1.312 1707 1.073 1.379 1.155 1708 0.765 1.828 1.515 1709 2.203 0.946 0.839 1710 1.037 1.271 1.253 1711 0.844 1.143 1.161 1712 0.467 0.853 0.964 1713 0.722 1.034 0.884 1714 0.630 0.755 0.765 1715 0.999 1.664 1.324 1716 0.516 0.563 0.631 1717 0.813 0.495 0.650 1718 0.450 0.497 0.673 1719 0.796 0.965 0.914 1720 0.860 0.875 1.209 1721 0.770 1.369 1.243 1722 0.646 0.665 0.611 1723 0.137 0.876 0.862 1724 0.710 0.485 0.782 1725 0.703 0.696 0.638 1726 0.682 0.889 1.133 1727 0.681 0.732 0.819 1728 0.438 0.656 0.888 1729 0.631 0.659 0.516 1730 0.824 0.650 0.657 1731 0.736 0.709 0.940 1732 0.402 0.686 1.043 1733 0.962 1.053 1.039 1734 0.446 0.925 0.730 1735 0.682 0.715 0.714 1736 0.548 0.660 1.001 1737 0.812 0.859 0.653 1738 0.862 0.814 0.888 1739 0.665 1.427 1.369 1740 0.782 0.695 0.889 1741 2.133 0.837 0.670 1742 0.728 1.682 1.651 1743 1.148 0.765 0.870 1744 1.140 0.635 0.706 1745 0.555 0.717 0.719 1746 1.299 1.448 1.232 1747 0.991 0.595 0.656 1748 1.409 0.707 0.756 1749 0.890 1.063 0.887 1750 1.319 0.919 0.806 1751 0.390 1.439 1.047 1752 1.689 0.519 0.544 1753 1.376 2.029 2.019 1754 1.014 1.584 1.565 1755 1.177 0.937 0.916 1756 0.812 0.746 0.872 1757 1.102 1.668 1.445 1758 1.143 0.823 0.718 1759 0.697 0.693 0.877 1760 0.926 0.812 0.798 1761 1.968 1.064 0.985 1762 0.583 0.680 0.690 1763 1.011 1.027 1.315 1764 0.838 0.575 0.660 1765 0.807 0.985 0.982 1766 1.212 0.952 1.158 1767 0.477 0.902 0.710 1768 1.083 0.518 0.517 1769 1.023 1.347 1.308 1770 1.295 1.190 0.898 1771 1.547 0.677 0.716 1772 0.576 0.703 0.750 1773 0.957 0.799 0.700 1774 0.854 1.691 1.072 1775 0.975 0.997 0.789 1776 0.723 0.658 0.795 1777 0.881 0.747 0.676 1778 0.943 1.437 0.957 1779 0.761 0.985 0.833 1780 0.484 0.611 0.607 1781 0.876 1.258 0.890 1782 0.589 0.549 0.756 1783 1.249 0.984 1.493 1784 1.170 0.923 1.094 1785 0.768 0.962 0.800 1786 1.033 1.290 1.087 1787 1.034 0.963 0.914 1788 0.804 0.773 0.861 1789 2.627 2.021 1.211 1790 1.114 1.429 1.425 1791 1.135 0.967 1.045 1792 0.457 0.857 1.060 1793 1.626 1.300 1.299 1794 0.743 0.851 1.127 1795 0.814 1.149 1.271 1796 0.601 1.015 1.038 1797 1.699 1.220 0.884 1798 1.287 0.964 0.785 1799 1.440 0.729 0.740 1800 0.519 0.732 0.711 1801 0.989 0.967 0.781 1802 0.966 1.129 1.027 1803 1.030 1.120 0.987 1804 0.592 0.634 0.693 1805 0.890 1.318 0.968 1806 0.872 0.812 0.760 1807 0.624 0.622 0.678 1808 0.767 1.177 0.957 1809 0.879 0.746 0.790 1810 1.328 1.865 1.812 1811 0.734 1.070 1.172 1812 0.841 1.098 0.978 1813 1.252 1.251 0.848 1814 1.358 0.943 1.008 1815 0.710 0.620 0.696 1816 1.082 0.841 1.103 1817 1.259 0.845 0.847 1818 2.195 1.044 0.844 1819 0.992 1.438 1.111 1820 0.706 1.257 1.155 1821 0.978 0.517 0.606 1822 1.065 0.897 0.787 1823 1.002 1.189 1.166 1824 1.376 1.556 0.890 1825 1.081 0.920 0.798 1826 1.038 0.858 0.774 1827 0.797 0.838 0.812 1828 1.081 1.022 0.670 1829 1.148 1.367 1.074 1830 0.979 1.075 1.076 1831 0.756 0.717 0.800 1832 1.083 0.883 1.099 1833 1.467 0.968 1.108 1834 0.955 0.832 0.770 1835 0.960 1.354 1.538 1836 1.114 1.237 1.398 1837 0.790 0.893 1.065 1838 0.952 1.614 1.483 1839 0.886 0.942 0.979 1840 1.188 0.944 0.984 1841 1.154 1.483 1.320 1842 0.820 1.172 1.179 1843 1.307 0.772 0.839 1844 0.829 0.663 0.706 1845 1.369 1.198 1.131 1846 0.815 0.984 0.906 1847 0.944 1.556 1.452 1848 1.561 1.080 0.966 1849 1.082 0.661 0.676 1850 0.946 1.295 0.959 1851 0.858 2.001 1.266 1852 0.836 0.783 0.694 1853 0.852 1.114 0.910 1854 1.290 0.968 0.981 1855 0.749 1.145 0.967 1856 0.754 1.035 1.096 1857 1.564 1.274 1.113 1858 1.586 1.158 1.195 1859 0.986 0.899 0.720 1860 1.208 1.216 0.960 1861 0.802 1.306 1.052 1862 1.048 1.214 1.096 1863 0.952 1.171 1.068 1864 1.617 1.526 1.255 1865 1.080 1.213 1.025 1866 0.995 1.166 1.184 1867 0.641 1.021 0.886 1868 1.400 0.951 0.952 1869 0.664 0.956 1.066 1870 0.946 1.583 1.292 1871 0.873 0.836 0.720 1872 1.146 0.873 0.961 1873 1.087 1.683 1.311 1874 1.203 0.911 0.853 1875 1.171 0.913 0.937 1876 1.193 1.113 0.954 1877 1.315 0.861 0.748 1878 0.754 1.387 1.330 1879 0.998 1.102 0.831 1880 1.144 1.009 0.893 1881 0.653 0.797 0.899 1882 1.002 0.935 0.820 1883 0.989 0.881 0.805 1884 1.019 0.915 0.996 1885 1.496 1.328 0.881 1886 0.945 1.112 0.835 1887 1.595 0.893 0.752 1888 0.746 0.985 0.864 1889 1.141 0.835 0.981 1890 0.777 1.144 1.162 1891 1.096 1.026 0.863 1892 1.077 1.211 1.304 1893 0.838 1.083 1.255 1894 0.794 0.799 0.953 1895 0.627 1.008 1.046 1896 1.013 0.801 0.870 1897 1.107 0.774 0.960 1898 1.315 1.531 1.346 1899 0.980 1.108 1.112 1900 0.717 1.001 1.023 1901 1.320 0.793 0.858 1902 1.127 1.096 1.089 1903 0.917 1.014 1.066 1904 1.319 1.023 1.285 1905 1.169 0.988 1.255 1906 1.354 1.031 1.029 1907 1.312 0.508 0.766 1908 0.932 0.801 1.296 1909 0.805 0.900 0.928 1910 0.872 0.767 0.927 1911 1.251 0.935 1.191 1912 0.910 0.635 0.817 1913 1.595 1.031 1.154 1914 0.834 0.832 0.910 1915 0.827 0.993 1.056 1916 0.742 0.778 0.906 1917 1.073 1.062 1.150 1918 1.222 1.104 1.121 1919 0.732 1.834 1.920 1920 0.778 0.931 1.137 1921 0.982 1.105 1.220 1922 0.901 0.928 0.867 1923 0.836 0.737 0.970 1924 0.793 0.847 1.024 1925 1.129 1.236 1.410 1926 1.562 1.002 0.992 1927 1.222 1.035 0.987 1928 0.990 1.239 1.338 1929 0.582 0.718 0.968 1930 0.921 1.244 1.309 1931 0.853 1.226 1.728 1932 0.938 0.663 0.859 1933 1.091 0.991 1.350 1934 1.407 1.131 1.315 1935 0.878 0.967 1.837 1936 0.750 0.973 1.489 1937 1.446 1.044 1.111 1938 0.875 0.658 0.985 1939 0.635 0.664 0.909 1940 0.506 0.548 0.735 1941 0.666 0.975 0.996 1942 1.271 0.739 0.782 1943 1.119 0.994 1.009 1944 0.836 0.906 0.834 1945 0.632 0.678 0.791 1946 1.222 0.743 0.788 1947 1.330 0.872 1.015 1948 0.887 1.209 1.180 1949 1.135 0.982 1.033 1950 1.276 1.542 1.605 1951 0.690 0.825 0.940 1952 0.752 0.739 0.906 1953 0.757 0.875 0.789 1954 0.987 0.802 1.025 1955 0.755 1.562 1.602 1956 0.970 1.394 1.268 1957 1.335 0.826 0.996 1958 0.853 1.190 0.980 1959 1.297 0.751 0.711 1960 0.929 0.996 0.984 1961 0.973 1.227 1.130 1962 0.800 0.891 0.888 1963 0.910 0.827 0.893 1964 0.598 0.792 0.829 1965 0.886 0.821 0.838 1966 0.599 1.100 1.011 1967 1.243 0.940 1.066 1968 1.059 0.735 0.850 1969 0.811 1.384 1.265 1970 0.843 1.413 1.357 1971 0.834 1.040 1.210 1972 1.459 0.850 0.988 1973 1.077 1.267 1.016 1974 0.903 1.040 1.106 1975 0.818 1.003 0.829 1976 1.489 1.020 1.022 1977 0.806 1.292 1.468 1978 0.892 0.684 0.707 1979 1.438 1.402 1.125 1980 0.995 1.248 1.183 1981 1.054 0.921 1.164 1982 0.845 0.670 0.755 1983 1.381 0.581 0.768 1984 0.848 1.083 0.998 1985 0.903 1.544 1.862 1986 0.913 0.841 1.002 1987 1.000 0.673 0.868 1988 0.612 0.958 1.022 1989 1.178 0.670 0.687 1990 1.273 0.750 0.894 1991 1.224 0.739 0.614 1992 1.331 0.817 0.856 1993 1.343 1.090 1.047 1994 1.632 0.923 1.015 1995 0.679 0.882 0.689 1996 0.906 1.020 0.804 1997 0.961 0.843 0.612 1998 0.886 1.130 0.917 1999 0.669 1.298 0.960 2000 0.628 0.703 0.584 2001 0.591 0.864 0.688 2002 1.193 0.733 0.793 2003 0.837 1.154 0.997