Penny Ice Cape Ice Core Data
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               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
                                  and
                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!!


NAME OF DATA SET: Penny Ice Cape Ice Core Data


LAST UPDATE: 12/2003 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo)
CONTRIBUTOR: David Fisher, Natural Resources Canada
IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2003-093


SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Fisher, D.A, et al., 2003,
Penny Ice Cape Ice Core Data, 
IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology 
Data Contribution Series # 2003-093.
NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.


ORIGINAL REFERENCE: 
Fisher, D.A., R. M. Koerner, J. C. Bourgeois, G. Zielinski, C. Wake, 
C. U. Hammer, H. B. Clausen, N. Gundestrup, S. Johnsen, K. Goto-Azuma, 
T. Hondoh, E. Blake, and M. Gerasimoff.  1998. 
Penny ice cap cores, Baffin Island, Canada, and the Wisconsinan 
Foxe Dome connection: Two states of Hudson Bay ice cover. 
Science 279, 692-695. 

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES:
Fisher, D.A., R.M. Koerner, G.A. Zielinski, C.P. Wake, C.M. Zdanowicz, 
J.C. Bourgeois, P.A. Mayewski and N. Grummet, 2002,
The effects of flowline length evolution on chemistry-d18O profiles from 
Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada
Annals of Glaciology, Volume 35, pp. 150-156.

Fisher, D. A., (2002).   High-resolution multiproxy climatic records 
from ice cores, tree-rings, corals and documentary sources using eigenvector 
techniques and maps: assessment of recovered signal and errors.
Holocene,  vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 401-420 

Grumet, N.S., Wake, C.P., Zielinski, G.A., Fisher, D.A. and Jacobs, J.D. 1998.  
Preservation of glaciochemical time-series in snow and ice records from the 
percolation zone of the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island. 
Geophysical Research Letters 25, 357-360.

Goto-Azuma, K., R.M. Koerner, and D.A. Fisher, 2002,
An ice-core record over the last two centuries from Penny Ice Cap, 
Baffin Island, Canada
Annals of Glaciology, Volume 35, pp. 29-35.



GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Northeast Canada, Baffin Island
PERIOD OF RECORD:  11,000 Years BP - present


DESCRIPTION:  
Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada  67° 15'N, 65° 45'W, 1900m.

Snowpits were excavated in 1994 and 1995. 

The 333.78m. P95 core was drilled to the bed in April-May 1995.
The 89m. P95.2 core was drilled adjacent to the P95 core (2.5 m. away) 
for evaluation of noise in the record. The d18O correlation between 
the two cores is .80.  

The 177.91m. P96 core also reached the bed.  It is located
approximately 16 km. from P95.  The P95-P96 correlation of d18O 
on 40-year segments is .3 to .5.

The P95 core was dated back to 7900 yr ago (319 m) by spectral analysis of 
the electrical conductivity record which tracks seasonal chemical variations 
(Fisher et al. 1998; Grumet et al., 1998. Additional time control was provided 
by conductivity and sulfate peaks related major volcanic eruptions. 
Beyond 7900 yr ago, the depth-age curve was adjusted to match the end of the 
Younger Dryas-Holocene transition (326 m) dated at 11,550 +/- 70 yr ago in 
Greenland ice-core records. Age values for the P95 microparticle record are 
expressed in years before A.D. 2000 (yb2k).


Data files contain a 3 line header. The first two lines are description of the 
data type, and the third line contains the number of values, scaling factor, 
and the interval between measurements in depth or time.  Data rows contain 
pairs of depth or age vs. data value, generally 3 pairs per line.  



ABSTRACT (Fisher et al. 1998):
Ice cores from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, provide continuous 
Holocene records of oxygen isotopic composition (d18O, proxy for temperature) 
and atmospheric impurities. A time scale was established with the use of 
altered seasonal variations, some volcanic horizons, and the age for the 
end of the Wisconsin ice age determined from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. 
There is pre-Holocene ice near the bed. The change in d18O since the last 
glacial maximum (LGM) is at least 12.5 per mil, compared with an expected 
value of 7 per mil, suggesting that LGM ice originated at the much higher 
elevations of the then existing Foxe Dome and Foxe Ridge of the Laurentide 
Ice Sheet. The LGM d18O values suggest thick ice frozen to the bed of 
Hudson Bay.