# Mt. Hunter, Alaska 230 Year Ice Core Melt Layer Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23750 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/denali/hunter2018melt2.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Ice Core # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: physical properties #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-03-26 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-03-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Mt. Hunter, Alaska 230 Year Ice Core Melt Layer Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Winski, D.A.; Osterberg, E.O.; Ferris, D.G.; Kreutz, K.J.; Wake, C.P.; Campbell, S.W.; Hawley, R.L.; Roy, S.G.; Birkel, S.; Introne, D.; Handley, M. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Melt layer stratigraphic data from the Mt. Hunter ice core. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Dominic Winski, Erich Osterberg, Karl Kreutz, Cameron Wake, David Ferris, Seth Campbell, Mark Baum, Adriana Bailey, Sean Birkel, Douglas Introne, Mike Handley # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-03-23 # Published_Title: A 400‐year ice core melt layer record of summertime warming in the Alaska Range # Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres # Volume: 123 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2017JD027539 # Online_Resource: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027539 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Warming in high-elevation regions has societally important impacts on glacier mass balance, water resources, and sensitive alpine ecosystems, yet very few high-elevation temperature records exist from the middle or high latitudes. While a variety of paleoproxy records provide critical temperature records from low elevations over recent centuries, melt layers preserved in alpine glaciers present an opportunity to develop calibrated, annually-resolved temperature records from high elevations. Here we present a 400-year temperature proxy record based on the melt-layer stratigraphy of two ice cores collected from Mt. Hunter in Denali National Park in the Central Alaska Range. The ice core record shows a 60-fold increase in water equivalent total annual melt between the pre-industrial period (before 1850 CE) and present day. We calibrate the melt record to summer temperatures based on weather station data from the ice core drill site, and find that the increase in melt production represents a summer warming rate of at least 1.92 +/- 0.31C/century during the last 100 years, exceeding rates of temperature increase at most low elevation sites in Alaska. The Mt. Hunter melt layer record is significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific through a Rossby-wave like pattern that enhances high temperatures over Alaska. Our results show that rapid alpine warming has taken place in the Alaska Range for at least a century and that conditions in the tropical oceans contribute to this warming. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1204035, AGS-1203838, AGS-1203863 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Mt. Hunter # Location: North America>United States Of America>Alaska # Country: United States # Northernmost_Latitude: 62.9333 # Southernmost_Latitude: 62.9333 # Easternmost_Longitude: -151.0833 # Westernmost_Longitude: -151.0833 # Elevation: 3900 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Hunter2018meltcore2 # Earliest_Year: 1785 # Most_Recent_Year: 2013 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Chronology is constrained by layer counting of annual layers in chemical constituents of the Mt. Hunter ice core. # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## depth_m depth, , , m, , , top depth, ,N, ## Intensity Intensity, ice, , , , , , ,N, ## Intensity-err Intensity uncertainty, ice, , , , , , ,N, ## thick_m thickness, , , m, , , , ,N, ## density density, , , grams per cubic centimeter, , , , ,N, ## Intensity-corr Intensity, ice, , , , , , ,N,corrected ## age_CE year, , , CE, , , , ,N, ## thick_m_adj thickness, , , m, , , , ,N,adjusted # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth_m Intensity Intensity-err thick_m density Intensity-corr age_CE thick_m_adj 4.77 297 34 0.0014 0.42 0.06 2013 0.00008 4.78 594 29 0.0015 0.42 0.12 2012 0.00017 4.97 326 33 0.0009 0.42 0.07 2012 0.00006 5.25 329 43 0.0056 0.42 0.07 2012 0.00035 5.28 374 39 0.0034 0.42 0.08 2012 0.00025 5.33 616 51 0.0040 0.43 0.13 2012 0.00046 5.34 1199 37 0.0079 0.43 0.25 2012 0.00179 5.42 471 38 0.0026 0.43 0.10 2012 0.00024 5.43 399 40 0.0023 0.43 0.08 2012 0.00017 5.54 1440 62 0.0147 0.43 0.30 2012 0.00404 5.64 522 39 0.0085 0.43 0.11 2012 0.00085 9.12 320 28 0.0020 0.47 0.07 2011 0.00013 9.15 461 30 0.0020 0.47 0.10 2011 0.00018 9.16 333 27 0.0011 0.47 0.07 2011 0.00007 11.35 576 28 0.0047 0.50 0.13 2011 0.00052 11.41 294 33 0.0019 0.50 0.06 2011 0.00011 11.43 278 34 0.0010 0.50 0.06 2011 0.00005 11.52 425 35 0.0019 0.50 0.09 2011 0.00016 11.79 638 38 0.0046 0.50 0.14 2011 0.00056 12.10 770 38 0.0043 0.51 0.17 2011 0.00064 12.14 360 33 0.0034 0.51 0.08 2011 0.00024 12.19 466 40 0.0020 0.51 0.10 2011 0.00018 13.59 253 41 0.0018 0.52 0.06 2010 0.00009 14.18 420 30 0.0028 0.53 0.10 2010 0.00023 14.26 241 29 0.0026 0.53 0.05 2010 0.00012 14.60 268 31 0.0020 0.53 0.06 2010 0.00011 14.85 355 30 0.0014 0.53 0.08 2010 0.00010 15.09 1106 55 0.0114 0.54 0.25 2010 0.00253 15.56 890 29 0.0125 0.54 0.20 2009 0.00227 15.58 819 41 0.0015 0.54 0.19 2009 0.00025 15.59 1515 36 0.0022 0.54 0.35 2009 0.00067 15.63 319 43 0.0035 0.54 0.07 2009 0.00023 15.66 3981 213 0.0174 0.54 0.92 2009 0.01414 17.47 302 42 0.0024 0.56 0.07 2009 0.00015 17.80 482 40 0.0035 0.56 0.11 2009 0.00036 20.52 309 40 0.0037 0.59 0.07 2007 0.00024 22.66 2143 42 0.0090 0.61 0.53 2007 0.00413 25.83 513 35 0.0091 0.63 0.13 2006 0.00103 25.86 1488 41 0.0042 0.63 0.38 2005 0.00138 28.22 720 31 0.0040 0.65 0.19 2005 0.00063 28.37 778 36 0.0050 0.65 0.20 2005 0.00086 28.40 265 39 0.0022 0.65 0.07 2005 0.00013 29.65 383 40 0.0004 0.66 0.10 2004 0.00003 31.05 1314 37 0.0086 0.67 0.35 2004 0.00257 31.44 2349 40 0.0067 0.67 0.62 2003 0.00360 34.40 1419 29 0.0021 0.69 0.38 2002 0.00070 34.42 912 52 0.0015 0.69 0.25 2002 0.00032 34.44 410 45 0.0015 0.69 0.11 2002 0.00015 34.50 3117 32 0.0091 0.69 0.84 2002 0.00663 34.57 5137 36 0.0059 0.69 1.39 2002 0.00711 36.33 1110 37 0.0025 0.70 0.30 2002 0.00066 36.51 1022 41 0.0068 0.70 0.28 2001 0.00165 36.53 1330 40 0.0011 0.70 0.36 2001 0.00035 36.59 830 37 0.0028 0.70 0.23 2001 0.00055 38.97 921 35 0.0073 0.71 0.26 2000 0.00160 38.98 643 40 0.0019 0.71 0.18 2000 0.00029 40.63 521 37 0.0013 0.72 0.15 2000 0.00016 40.64 736 35 0.0019 0.72 0.21 2000 0.00033 40.79 382 36 0.0016 0.72 0.11 1999 0.00015 40.85 716 49 0.0037 0.72 0.20 1999 0.00063 42.29 249 42 0.0019 0.73 0.07 1999 0.00012 42.51 263 35 0.0017 0.73 0.07 1999 0.00011 45.33 902 64 0.0044 0.75 0.26 1997 0.00100 45.34 1528 99 0.0038 0.75 0.44 1997 0.00146 45.36 2424 96 0.0108 0.75 0.70 1997 0.00657 45.39 1836 47 0.0041 0.75 0.53 1997 0.00188 46.35 408 39 0.0024 0.75 0.12 1997 0.00025 46.38 503 42 0.0026 0.75 0.15 1997 0.00034 46.47 1155 42 0.0029 0.75 0.34 1997 0.00087 46.54 485 39 0.0015 0.75 0.14 1996 0.00019 47.73 409 42 0.0045 0.76 0.12 1996 0.00048 47.90 1028 90 0.0013 0.76 0.30 1996 0.00034 49.50 454 42 0.0028 0.76 0.13 1995 0.00033 49.55 1179 45 0.0031 0.76 0.35 1995 0.00097 49.58 813 43 0.0009 0.76 0.24 1995 0.00019 49.66 973 41 0.0021 0.76 0.29 1995 0.00054 51.70 2772 35 0.0042 0.77 0.83 1994 0.00310 51.73 538 39 0.0010 0.77 0.16 1994 0.00014 52.09 1003 82 0.0090 0.77 0.30 1993 0.00242 56.28 2116 41 0.0100 0.79 0.65 1991 0.00593 56.33 865 43 0.0010 0.79 0.26 1991 0.00025 56.36 1246 39 0.0019 0.79 0.38 1991 0.00067 56.39 2692 36 0.0038 0.79 0.82 1991 0.00286 56.54 843 38 0.0035 0.79 0.26 1990 0.00084 56.60 1642 32 0.0021 0.79 0.50 1990 0.00098 57.98 597 48 0.0023 0.79 0.18 1990 0.00040 59.73 792 50 0.0037 0.80 0.25 1989 0.00085 63.22 1115 41 0.0047 0.81 0.35 1987 0.00154 63.23 835 40 0.0018 0.81 0.26 1987 0.00045 65.08 486 40 0.0026 0.81 0.15 1985 0.00039 65.12 435 36 0.0029 0.81 0.14 1985 0.00038 66.02 750 38 0.0016 0.82 0.24 1985 0.00037 66.13 690 44 0.0072 0.82 0.22 1985 0.00153 66.16 2375 42 0.0037 0.82 0.75 1985 0.00271 68.51 3566 27 0.0081 0.82 1.14 1983 0.00948 68.55 648 40 0.0025 0.82 0.21 1983 0.00054 69.43 1068 38 0.0024 0.82 0.34 1982 0.00087 69.78 717 38 0.0012 0.82 0.23 1982 0.00028 69.84 392 39 0.0013 0.83 0.13 1982 0.00017 71.36 1087 41 0.0043 0.83 0.35 1981 0.00160 75.22 532 54 0.0014 0.84 0.17 1978 0.00028 76.91 863 39 0.0069 0.84 0.28 1976 0.00226 77.84 580 41 0.0030 0.84 0.19 1976 0.00068 78.81 309 38 0.0017 0.84 0.10 1975 0.00021 78.84 331 41 0.0028 0.84 0.11 1975 0.00037 81.38 1485 35 0.0127 0.85 0.49 1972 0.00775 81.44 374 45 0.0013 0.85 0.12 1971 0.00020 87.55 226 41 0.0023 0.86 0.08 1966 0.00023 89.09 784 33 0.0013 0.86 0.27 1964 0.00047 89.13 732 44 0.0032 0.86 0.25 1964 0.00113 89.15 462 33 0.0016 0.86 0.16 1964 0.00036 89.20 568 41 0.0019 0.86 0.19 1964 0.00052 89.23 976 30 0.0027 0.86 0.33 1964 0.00127 89.27 1831 34 0.0051 0.86 0.62 1964 0.00445 89.35 2343 71 0.0051 0.86 0.79 1963 0.00570 89.38 2487 54 0.0123 0.86 0.84 1963 0.01456 90.26 779 41 0.0050 0.86 0.26 1962 0.00187 90.31 360 38 0.0018 0.86 0.12 1962 0.00032 90.72 443 41 0.0026 0.86 0.15 1962 0.00057 91.15 998 35 0.0037 0.86 0.34 1962 0.00182 93.92 550 39 0.0065 0.87 0.19 1958 0.00183 94.03 641 42 0.0014 0.87 0.22 1958 0.00045 95.33 391 45 0.0028 0.87 0.13 1956 0.00058 95.36 593 27 0.0014 0.87 0.20 1956 0.00043 96.45 398 38 0.0015 0.87 0.14 1955 0.00033 96.47 1053 39 0.0070 0.87 0.36 1955 0.00400 96.52 577 38 0.0050 0.87 0.20 1955 0.00156 96.56 1038 37 0.0051 0.87 0.36 1955 0.00286 96.63 211 41 0.0016 0.87 0.07 1954 0.00019 98.04 636 58 0.0016 0.87 0.22 1952 0.00058 98.04 202 52 0.0018 0.87 0.07 1952 0.00020 98.57 1819 86 0.0054 0.87 0.63 1952 0.00555 98.80 942 39 0.0035 0.87 0.32 1951 0.00188 100.20 348 42 0.0016 0.87 0.12 1949 0.00033 101.90 500 36 0.0010 0.87 0.17 1946 0.00031 102.11 577 40 0.0023 0.87 0.20 1946 0.00081 102.96 573 38 0.0026 0.88 0.20 1945 0.00092 102.98 626 50 0.0107 0.88 0.22 1945 0.00415 103.01 232 39 0.0014 0.88 0.08 1944 0.00020 104.41 660 38 0.0017 0.88 0.23 1943 0.00072 105.79 1252 37 0.0052 0.88 0.44 1940 0.00419 107.27 4061 75 0.0075 0.88 1.42 1938 0.02013 107.33 1633 39 0.0048 0.88 0.57 1938 0.00520 109.57 884 36 0.0027 0.88 0.31 1934 0.00164 118.43 861 20 0.0046 0.89 0.30 1916 0.00327 118.56 1639 38 0.0080 0.89 0.58 1916 0.01089 118.60 587 54 0.0031 0.89 0.21 1915 0.00152 120.83 552 42 0.0010 0.89 0.20 1910 0.00049 122.70 2942 38 0.0042 0.89 1.04 1904 0.01133 126.81 570 39 0.0016 0.89 0.20 1890 0.00095 127.68 706 53 0.0040 0.89 0.25 1888 0.00280 140.63 483 46 0.0013 0.90 0.17 1832 0.00091 140.63 522 50 0.0016 0.90 0.19 1832 0.00120 148.21 676 35 0.0008 0.90 0.24 1790 0.00093 148.72 1163 44 0.0030 0.90 0.42 1786 0.00605 148.81 1086 126 0.0007 0.90 0.39 1785 0.00132