Guoqu Glacier Ice Core, Tibet 70 Year Major Ions Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Guoqu Glacier Ice Core, Tibet 70 Year Major Ions Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Grigholm, B., P.A. Mayewski, S. Kang, Y. Zhang, S. Kaspari, S.B. Sneed, and Q. Zhang. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-093 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Grigholm, B., et al. 2011. Guoqu Glacier Ice Core, Tibet 70 Year Major Ions Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-093. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Grigholm, B., P.A. Mayewski, S. Kang, Y. Zhang, S. Kaspari, S.B. Sneed, and Q. Zhang. 2009. Atmospheric soluble dust records from a Tibetan ice core: Possible climate proxies and teleconnection with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D20118, doi:10.1029/2008JD011242 ABSTRACT: In autumn 2005, a joint expedition between the University of Maine and the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research recovered three ice cores from Guoqu Glacier (33°34'37.8"N, 91°10'35.3"E, 5720 m above sea level) on the northern side of Mt. Geladaindong, central Tibetan Plateau. Isotopes (d18O), major soluble ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-,SO4 2-), and radionuclide (b-activity) measurements from one of the cores revealed a 70-year record (1935–2005). Statistical analysis of major ion time series suggests that atmospheric soluble dust species dominate the chemical signature and that background dust levels conceal marine ion species deposition. The soluble dust time series have interspecies relations and common structure (empirical orthogonal function (EOF) 1), suggesting a similar soluble dust source or transport route. Annual and seasonal correlations between the EOF 1 time series and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis climate variables (1948–2004) suggest that the Mt. Geladaindong ice core record provides a proxy for local and regional surface pressure. An approximately threefold decrease of soluble dust concentrations in the middle to late 1970s, accompanied by regional increases in pressure and temperature and decreases in wind velocity, coincides with the major 1976-1977 shift of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) from a negative to a positive state. This is the first ice core evidence of a potential teleconnection between central Asian atmospheric soluble dust loading and the PDO. Analysis of temporally longer ice cores from Mt. Geladaindong may enhance understanding of the relationship between the PDO and central Asian atmospheric circulation and subsequent atmospheric soluble dust loading. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Tibetan Plateau PERIOD OF RECORD: 1935 - 2004 AD FUNDING SOURCES: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA04OAR 4600179), US National Science Foundation (ATM0754644), National Natural Science Foundation of China (40401054, 40121101), National Basic Research Program of China (2005CB422004), the "Talent Project", Innovation Project (KZCX3-SW-339/334) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dean Foundation of CAS. DESCRIPTION: High resolution (Annual Median Concentrations) Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-,NO3-, SO42- from the 2005 Guoqu Glacier ice core from northern side of Mt. Geladaindong, central Tibetan Plateau. Units: micrograms/Liter (ug/L) Guoqu Glacier: 33°34'37.8"N, 91°10'35.3"E, 5720 m elevation DATA: Guoqu Glacier Major Ions Data Depth(m) Year(AD) Na(ug/L) K(ug/L) Mg(ug/L) Ca(ug/L) Cl(ug/L) NO3(ug/L) SO4(ug/L) 1.4439 2004 32.29 8.84 31.33 209.17 42.64 49.215 84.02 2.3797 2003 85.425 13.77 46.26 581.385 101.71 99.98 154.11 2.97 2002 92.435 12.825 48.52 542.045 84.315 45.185 81.495 3.445 2001 48.33 12.62 26.94 158.31 50.23 0 47.46 4.276 2000 184.135 25.69 75.98 376.58 174.735 89.265 241.52 5.1185 1999 1189.41 92.3 168.36 1165.56 1164.47 760.87 1671.52 5.7467 1998 158.65 50.55 147.29 889.02 197.91 92.89 197.56 6.4 1997 116.4 17.7 92.39 683.09 116.91 63.92 137.48 6.9906 1996 80.57 13.97 57.1 290.51 122.87 65.45 68.6 7.8226 1995 55.41 13.74 67.76 720.74 103.32 57.16 112.52 8.725 1994 132.555 16.69 75.275 700.175 159.515 113.1 165.64 9.4355 1993 151.63 17.62 48.51 674.95 177.42 151.3 220.53 10.1433 1992 415.385 36.24 118.93 1472.985 395.93 390.31 662.655 10.91 1991 155.2 12.685 24.315 272.31 183.985 64.345 85.63 11.529 1990 46.68 10.9 26.28 670.27 58.04 53 90.45 12.3441 1989 14.23 6.95 12.53 193.45 29.85 33.58 46.85 13.4096 1988 4.945 7.615 8.415 58.18 26.715 0 39.93 13.908 1987 37.045 8.36 30.145 355.77 46.08 61.57 129.9 15.2363 1986 8.45 6.95 5.595 6.73 0 0 0 15.8656 1985 25.07 8.56 27.99 287.15 31.24 29.48 59.36 16.2632 1984 15 3.36 9.005 239.26 19.935 0 42.955 17.1238 1983 160.265 18.365 62.665 625.045 175.805 142.935 156.785 17.708 1982 248.07 26.33 116.7 667.55 245.47 162.02 359.72 18.7877 1981 9.575 0 10.015 20.94 21.2 0 30.94 19.964 1980 30.64 6.23 22.81 264.92 28.93 0 85.58 20.73 1979 30.31 0 9.74 114.7 26.17 0 56.59 21.4584 1978 310.25 36.07 140.24 1195.22 289.78 399.11 489.41 22.3678 1977 220.93 24.51 91.375 1934.4 186.73 201.28 413.115 22.934 1976 183.245 21.17 84.735 1585.095 254.085 192.965 380.805 23.6821 1975 1057.37 68.64 201.32 1709.04 994.78 739.14 1107.655 24.3083 1974 1199.88 78.83 253.08 666.42 1239.5 450.49 919.68 25.3667 1973 770.98 51.74 160.89 1091.76 597.63 330.44 829.88 25.9368 1972 327.8 38.67 101.52 953.92 345.86 250.25 442.68 26.3164 1971 183.11 17.98 98.95 578.09 230.64 135.28 420.47 27.2072 1970 312.88 38.265 86.44 1072.935 383.63 149.935 361.24 27.9155 1969 145.15 19.555 73.94 387.17 164.08 64.92 181.47 28.3375 1968 145.205 13.565 54.24 528.42 185.295 116.585 169.57 28.9446 1967 340.56 31.565 101.375 972.54 407.01 290.85 399.75 29.5557 1966 237.135 23.965 69.34 730.2 283.58 204.71 361.53 30.3052 1965 437.57 30.35 113.365 940.245 358.12 325.065 489.62 31.0018 1964 312.82 26.175 88.895 664.86 288.75 179.22 370.945 31.9196 1963 429.595 28.265 91.19 821.19 413.81 237.125 488.52 32.4875 1962 633.81 51.07 135.26 833.68 692.72 315.18 606.71 33.0893 1961 297.26 19.97 71.02 625.24 319.86 117.77 393.2 33.5163 1960 362.245 21.935 71.35 699.785 477.765 207.505 313.25 33.8185 1959 111.535 15.805 56.045 412.33 121.105 119.84 178.75 34.151 1958 227.36 20.25 64.89 505.64 227.93 220.05 248.21 34.747 1957 293.44 25.595 72.465 518.095 362.185 140.97 282.495 35.3656 1956 235.33 26.12 43.62 447.24 340.76 186.59 203.63 35.865 1955 224.38 24.85 57.99 857.5 280.95 191.51 266.81 36.4138 1954 279.98 21.575 48.68 420.22 369.665 144.885 184.705 36.9786 1953 178.58 18.635 67.525 810.985 261.74 163.73 191.21 37.5324 1952 135.085 16.63 59.7 712.475 268.64 96.595 154.26 37.8753 1951 160.27 10.22 30.2 224.77 214.93 106.21 76.28 38.4871 1950 267.89 20.09 58.9 414.17 337.87 240.16 180.13 39.1219 1949 226.395 17.66 43.705 903.71 415.265 219.92 145.105 39.48 1948 139.335 9.615 21.225 590.53 237.43 119.615 92.77 40.02 1947 196.065 12.985 39.545 482.665 249.535 140.1 119.645 40.5 1946 98.565 11.47 32.835 789.15 214.3 84.055 87.015 41.2517 1945 102.345 12.145 24.005 510.15 182.37 107.145 99.76 42.0816 1944 75.93 10.32 23.195 200.525 158.875 115.585 105.41 42.4605 1943 61.5 11.635 43.235 598.31 185.93 84.57 91.22 43.0183 1942 81.87 6.85 24.29 199.14 186.72 67.15 76.46 43.4163 1941 129.55 11.48 26.56 325.85 198.59 96.53 156.97 44.0182 1940 39.48 7.22 19.47 227.89 117.03 59.11 34.65 44.6924 1939 27.195 6.775 11.13 180.675 98.37 50.59 35.115 45.1393 1938 30.07 5.58 7.57 65 114.81 68.71 38.36 45.5625 1937 31.8 6.67 9.72 88.92 147.08 75.99 47.64 46.1962 1936 32.7 6.14 12.26 166.82 136.54 57.51 49.32 47.0867 1935 20.6 6.26 11.94 134.25 107.52 52.14 0