noaa-coral-12994 eng; USA utf8 dataset Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2018-12-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Malindi, Kenya 115 Year Monthly Coral d18O Data 2012-06-09 publication noaa-coral-12994 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Nakamura, N. originator Nakamura, N. author Kayanne, H. originator Kayanne, H. author Iijima, H. originator Iijima, H. author McClanahan, T.R. originator McClanahan, T.R. author Behera, S.K. originator Behera, S.K. author Yamagata, T. originator Yamagata, T. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Coral. The data include parameters of corals and sclerosponges with a geographic location of Indian Ocean. The time period coverage is from 64 to -52 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/c/images/pc-default-coral.png Paleoclimatology - Coral and Sclerosponge PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Biological Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > oxygen isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Indian Ocean Dipole (IOP) theme Ocean > Indian Ocean> Malindi Marine Park > LATITUDE -3.2 > LONGITUDE 40.1 place otherRestrictions Cite as: Nakamura, N.; Kayanne, H.; Iijima, H.; McClanahan, T.R.; Behera, S.K.; Yamagata, T. (2012-06-09): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Malindi, Kenya 115 Year Monthly Coral d18O Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12994. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1886 AD to 2002 AD; Date Range: 64 cal yr BP to -52 cal yr BP; 40.1 40.1 -3.2 -3.2 Study Coordinates -3.2 40.1 1886 2002 STUDY NOTES: Oxygen isotope (d18O) data from a coral collected near Malindi, Kenya covering the past 115 years at monthly resolution. The coral grew in Malindi Marine Park, Kenya, located on the Kenyan coast, facing the tropical western Indian Ocean. This site is located 15 km south of the mouth of the Sabaki River, which is one of Kenya's major rivers. The site is open to the ocean, and the surface of the colony reaches to a 0.5 m depth from low tide. The SST at the Kenyan coast reaches a maximum of 29.1 degree Celsius in April and a minimum of 25.3 degree Celsius in August, as averaged over the 1951-2002 period in the HADISST data set's monthly SST data (3.5S, 40.5E). Precipitation in this area had two seasonal peaks, with Long Rains beginning from April to May, linked to the southeastern monsoon and Short Rains from October to November linked to the northeastern monsoon. River discharge in the Short Rain period is brought southward to the Malindi coral site by the northeast monsoon winds from December to March, while discharge during the Long Rain period is brought northward by the southeast monsoon from May to November. In October 2002, the coral core was obtained using an air drill from the living colony of Porites lutea. KY-ML-16 was selected for the analysis because it was in the best qualitative condition; the diameter is 55 mm, and the length is 186 cm. The annual bands are clear and continuous, and the bottom of the core is recognized as the 116th annual band from the top, corresponding to 1986. The core was cut into a pair of 5-mm-thick slabs parallel to the growth axis using a high-speed rock saw or a fraise machine. X-radiographs of the slabs were taken to determine the core for the analysis and sub-sampling lines along the maximum growth axis. The X-radiograph of the coral slab revealed clear density bands. A set of high and low- density bands with widths of 10 to 18 mm formed a layered structure. The mean growth rate was 15 mm/year. The boundary from the low to high (white to black in X-radiograph) bands was clear and sharper than that from the high to low (black to white in X-radiograph) bands. The major growth axis was chosen for d18O measurements (sub-sample line). Calcite transformation was examined by X-ray diffraction measurements, which confirmed the absence of any calcite peaks (below 1 percent) in the 3 samples from the top, middle, and bottom parts of this core. We also identified the diagenesis of the primary skeletal aragonite and precipitation of secondary aragonite by petrographic analysis using thin sections from the top, middle, and bottom parts of this core. Dissolution in the thin micritic rim was not identified in this image. Powdered samples for measuring d18O were drilled out with a micro-sampling machine with 1.5 mm interval. Stable isotope analyses were performed using a Finnigan MAT252 isotope ratio mass spectrometer that was equipped with an automated carbonate reaction device (Kiel III) at the Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo. Fifty- to seventy-microgram carbonate samples were reacted with 100 percent phosphoric acid and oxidized to carbon dioxide. All isotope (delta) values are reported with respect to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB). A laboratory working standard (GS17: d18O = -2.15 per mil, calibrated by an international carbonate standard of NBS-19 (RM8544, d18O = -2.2 per mil PDB published by IAEA)) was used to translate raw measurement results into the PDB scale. The external precision of the powdered carbonate standard is 0.03 per mil (1 sigma) and coral d18O external reproducibility that we measured in this study is about 0.03 per mil (n=28), thus total error contained in coral d18O value is 0.04 per mil. In this study, we apply the following chronology with two anchor points to convert the coral record into a monthly resolution age model. The high- d18O peak corresponds to August, when SST is the lowest and precipitation is low, and the boundary from the low- to high-density band corresponds to November. This density band is followed by a fluorescent band under UV related to the Sabaki river discharge that reaches the coral site in December with the northeast monsoon. Because the coral growth rate changes slightly from year to year, the width of annual bands ranges from 10 to 18 mm (the sub-sampling number ranges from 7 to 16). The annual mean growth rate is 15 mm, and the mean sub-sampling number is 10 2. The typical uncertainty caused by the difference in the sub-sampling number from a set of density bands is 1-2 months. However, the sub-sampling numbers are exact in only a limited number of years. Low resolution caused by a narrow annual band is observed in 1896, 1900, 1950 and 1978. A single anchor point (August) is used for the age model only in 1890, 1915 and 1987 because the low- to high-density boundary (November) is not clear in the annual band of these years. Coral Core KY-ML-16, Malindi Marine Park, Kenya: 3.2°'S, 40.1°E, water depth 0.5 m. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: A 115-year coral record from Kenya has been found to preserve the history of rainfall anomalies in East Africa in relation to global warming-induced Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) variability. The coral IOD index demonstrates a dominantly decadal periodicity in the early part of the 20th century. This low-frequency IOD occurred more frequently before 1924 with mostly quasi-biennial ranging from 18 months to 3 years events since 1960. The mode shift has also coincided with an intensified coupling with Indian summer monsoon rainfall. We suggest that a warming of the western Indian Ocean, which has attenuated and replaced the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation effect over the Indian Ocean, has driven the observed shift. 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Native Format(s) https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=noaa-coral-12994 HTTPS Landing Page NCEI landing page for this dataset Dataset landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12994 HTTPS Web Browser NCEI Study Page Study page with dataset access information. search https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/coral-sclerosponge HTTPS Information NCEI Coral Page General information for this data type. information https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/nakamura2009_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/indian_ocean/nakamura2009_noaa.txt Coral download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/malindi2009.xls HTTPS Download /coral/indian_ocean/malindi2009.xls Coral download asNeeded This metadata record was translated from DIF using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2018-10-25