noaa-icecore-2447 eng; USA utf8 dataset Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2018-12-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Nevado Huascarán - Oxygen Isotope, NO3, Layer Thickness, and Particle Data 2001-01-30 publication noaa-icecore-2447 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Thompson, L.G. originator Thompson, L.G. author Mosley-Thompson, E. originator Mosley-Thompson, E. author Davis, M.D. originator Davis, M.D. author Lin, P-N. originator Lin, P-N. author Henderson, K.A. originator Henderson, K.A. author Cole-Dai, J. originator Cole-Dai, J. author Bolzan, J.F. originator Bolzan, J.F. author Liu, K-B. originator Liu, K-B. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of ice cores with a geographic location of Peru. The time period coverage is from 19050 to -43 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, atmospheric trace gases, and other aspects of climate and environment derived from ice cores drilled on glaciers and ice caps around the world. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/c/images/pc-default-icecore.png Paleoclimatology - Ice Core PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ice Core Records Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ice Core Records theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice core > physical properties earth science > paleoclimate > ice core > oxygen isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > ice core > chemistry earth science > paleoclimate > ice core > instrumental data theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher PAGES 2k Network PAGES LOTRED SA2k theme Continent > South America > Peru> Nevado Huascarán > LATITUDE -9 > LONGITUDE -77.5 place otherRestrictions Cite as: Thompson, L.G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Davis, M.D.; Lin, P-N.; Henderson, K.A.; Cole-Dai, J.; Bolzan, J.F.; Liu, K-B. (2001-01-30): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Nevado Huascarán - Oxygen Isotope, NO3, Layer Thickness, and Particle Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2447. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: -17100 AD to 1993 AD; Date Range: 19050 cal yr BP to -43 cal yr BP; -77.5 -77.5 -9 -9 Study Coordinates -9 -77.5 -17100 1993 STUDY NOTES: General Information about the Huascarán Ice Cores Site Description and Analysis In July-August 1993, two ice cores to bedrock were recovered from the col between the north and south peaks of Nevado Huascarán, Peru (9øS, 77ø30'W, col elevation 6050 m) and were subsequently transported back to the cold room facility at the Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC). Core 1 (HSC1, 160.40 m) was sectioned in the field into 2677 samples decreasing in thickness from 13 cm at the top to 3 cm at the base, which were then melted and poured into 2 or 4 oz. plastic (HDPE) bottles, and sealed with wax. Core 2 (HSC2, 166.08 m), drilled approximately 100 m from the HSC1 site, was returned frozen in 1 m sections. Ice motion vectors determined from stake movements from 1991-93 indicate that the drill sites are proximal to the divide between ice flow towards the east and west outlets of the col. Visible observations and borehole temperatures indicate that the glacier is 'polar' type, i.e., it remains frozen to the bed (Thompson et al., Science, v.269, 1995, p. 46-50). Each ice sample from HSC2 was prepared in a Class 100 clean room environment, and analyzed for major anion concentrations (Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) on a Dionex 2010i ion chromatograph, d18O on a Finnigan Mat mass spectrometer (Craig, 1957), and for particulate concentration and size distribution using a Coulter TA-II particle counter (Thompson, OSU IPS Report 46, 1973). A complete d18O profile was also produced from the bottled samples from HSC1. Contamination during field preparation and transport of these samples precluded the development of a second complete record of particles and anion concentrations. For display purposes, variable averaging on the core depth scale was utilized to show the major large-scale events in the record without the confusion of the large annual variations superimposed upon the upper portion. Hence, for HSC2, 5-m integrated averages were calculated for between the surface and 140 meters depth and then 50-cm averages were generated between 140 and 160 meters. Between 160 and 166 meters, every sample value was plotted. A similar scheme was used for HSC1 (all values plotted for 155-160.4 m). These data are included in hs12-5m.txt in this data archive, and the graph can be seen in Thompson et al., 1995 (Fig. 3). Development of the time/depth relationship Tropical South American climate is marked by annual dry seasons (July-October) which were identifiable in the ice core record as elevated values in all relevant measurements. The nitrate (NO3-) record from the Huascarán ice core provided the most definitive seasonal marker, but the final time scale was constructed from a comparison of four major parameters (NO3-, d18O, dust and SO42-). Each annual maximum corresponds to the middle of the dry season, assumed to occur on the 1st of August. The rapid layer- thinning below 120 m limited annual resolution to the most recent 270 years. However, the high accumulation and strong preservation of seasonal cycles also made possible the subannual resolution of d18O variations for a period of at least 100 years (1894-1993). The accuracy of the time scale is of paramount importance in the development of relationships between ice core proxy data and tropical climate conditions. Several horizons in recent times were useful for confirming the layer counting as a reliable method, and indicate almost certain ages for the uppermost 50 years. In 1980, during the original reconnaissance expedition to Huascarán, a 10 m firn core was extracted and analyzed for d18O at BPRC (Thompson et al., JGR, v. 89d3, 1984, p. 4638-4646). Aside from minor accumulation variation and slight signal attenuation, the 1993 cores duplicated the earlier stable isotope profile over the common portion, and confirmed the layer counting to 1980 as absolute. Additionally, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck coastal Peru in May 1970, generating large mud flows following the collapse of a large portion of the Huascarán glacier from the north peak. The event was recognized in the ice core by a sharp two-year rise in particulates from the newly-created sediment source. A third time horizon was provided by the HSC2 36Cl profile (Synal et al., Glaciers From the Alps, Paul Scherrer Inst., 1997, p. 99-102), a substance produced by neutron activation during the explosion of atomic devices in the presence of a 35Cl source, such as sea water. An abrupt >100-fold rise in 36Cl concentration occurred at ~54 m depth, which dates (by layer counting) to 1951-53. This was in direct response to the October 31, 1952 U.S. 'Ivy' surface test of an experimental nuclear device on the Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific Ocean (11øN, 162øE) (Carter and Moghissi, Health Physics, v. 33, 1977, p. 55-71). Finally, in both HSC1 and HSC2, the 1883 eruption of Krakatau, Indonesia (6øS, 105ø30'E) was identified by an anomalous sulfate concentration of ~400 ppb at 110 m depth, more than twice the level of any other local (within 10 m) event. A date of mid- year 1884 was thus considered to be an absolute time marker for both cores within the error of the time lag (less than one year). ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Two ice cores from the col of Huascarán in the north-central Andes of Peru contain a paleoclimatic history extending well into the Wisconsinan (Würm) Glacial Stage and include evidence of the Younger Dryas cool phase. Glacial stage conditions at high elevations in the tropics appear to have been as much as 8° to 12°C cooler than today, the atmosphere contained about 200 times as much dust, and the Amazon Basin forest cover may have been much less extensive. Differences in both the oxygen isotope ratio d18O (8 per mil) and the deuterium excess (4.5 per mil) from the Late Glacial Stage to the Holocene are comparable with polar ice core records. These data imply that the tropical Atlantic was possibly 5° to 6°C cooler during the Late Glacial Stage, that the climate was warmest from 8400 to 5200 years before present, and that it cooled gradually, culminating with the Little Ice Age (200 to 500 years before present). A strong warming has dominated the last two centuries. 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Native Format(s) https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=noaa-icecore-2447 HTTPS Landing Page NCEI landing page for this dataset Dataset landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2447 HTTPS Web Browser NCEI Study Page Study page with dataset access information. search https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core HTTPS Information NCEI Ice Core Page General information for this data type. information https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/readme_huascaran.txt HTTPS Download /icecore/trop/huascaran/readme_huascaran.txt Readme download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/hs12-5m.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/annualc.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/hs2layer.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/all-mo.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/hs1layer.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/age.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/anions.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/hs2-100a.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/huascaran/annualt.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This metadata record was translated from DIF using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2018-10-25