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    <gco:CharacterString>STUDY NOTES: Calcite oxygen isotope (d180) data for the Holocene from Yellow Lake, northwest Colorado, USA. Calcite-d18O ratios of bulk sediment 32um size fraction from continuous intervals of 0.5 cm from 0 to 24 cm depth, at spaced intervals of 0.5 cm from 24 to 70 cm depth and at spaced intervals of 2.0 cm from 70 to 224 cm depth. See text for discussion on changes in lake hydrology from an open to closed basin by ~3 ka and implications for interpretation. Isotopic enrichment due to evaporation is the d18O difference from nearby Bison Lake (Dd18OYel-Bis) calculated from 11-interval running averages of calibrated ages that were within age errors. Yellow Lake, Colorado, USA: 39.652°N, 107.345°W, 3170m elev 
ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Over the period of instrumental records, precipitation maximum in the headwaters of the Colorado Rocky Mountains has been dominated by winter snow, with a substantial degree of interannual variability linked to Pacific ocean-atmosphere dynamics. High-elevation snowpack is an important water storage that is carefully observed in order to meet increasing water demands in the greater semi-arid region. The purpose here is to consider Rocky Mountain water trends during the Holocene when known changes in earth&apos;s energy balance were caused by precession-driven insolation variability. Changes in solar insolation are thought to have influenced the variability and intensity of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North American Monsoon and the seasonal precipitation balance between rain and snow at upper elevations. Holocene records are presented from two high elevation lakes located in northwest Colorado that document decade-to-century scale precipitation seasonality for the past ~7000 years. Comparisons with sub-tropical records of ENSO indicate that the snowfall-dominated precipitation maxima developed ~3000 and 4000 years ago, coincident with evidence for enhanced ENSO/PDO dynamics. During the early-to-mid Holocene the records suggest a more monsoon affected precipitation regime with reduced snowpack, more rainfall, and net moisture deficits that were more severe than recent droughts. The Holocene perspective of precipitation indicates a far broader range of variability than that of the past century and highlights the non-linear character of hydroclimate in the U.S. west.</gco:CharacterString>
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