noaa-model-23470 eng; USA utf8 dataset Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2019-03-12 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Simulations of glacial climate and ocean biogeochemistry with the CSIRO Mk3L v1.0 2018-02-27 publication noaa-model-23470 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Buchanan, P.J. originator Buchanan, P.J. author Matear, R.J. originator Matear, R.J. author Lenton, A. originator Lenton, A. author Phipps, S.J. originator Phipps, S.J. author Chase, Z. originator Chase, Z. author Etheridge, D.M. originator Etheridge, D.M. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 21000 to 18000 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Computer simulations of past climate. Variables provided as model output are described by parameter keyword. In some cases the parameter keywords are a subset of all archived model output, and additional output is available upon request. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/c/images/pc-default-model.png Paleoclimatology - Modeling PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > model > ocean model theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Geographic Region > Global> Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place otherRestrictions Cite as: Buchanan, P.J.; Matear, R.J.; Lenton, A.; Phipps, S.J.; Chase, Z.; Etheridge, D.M. (2018-02-27): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Simulations of glacial climate and ocean biogeochemistry with the CSIRO Mk3L v1.0. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23470. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. The simulated climate of the Last Glacial Maximum and insights into the global marine carbon cycle 2016 publication Buchanan, P.J., R.J. Matear, A. Lenton, S.J. Phipps, Z. Chase, and D. Etheridge author Climate of the Past publisher https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2271-2016 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2016 Buchanan, P.J., R.J. Matear, A. Lenton, S.J. Phipps, Z. Chase, and D. Etheridge, 2016: The simulated climate of the Last Glacial Maximum and insights into the global marine carbon cycle. Climate of the Past, 12, 2271-2295, 10.5194/cp-12-2271-2016 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 21000 cal yr BP to 18000 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 -19050 -16050 STUDY NOTES: Simulations of glacial climate and ocean biogeochemistry with the CSIRO Mk3L. This dataset includes both the physical and biogeochemical output of simulations performed with the CSIRO Mk3L v1.2 Earth System Model under broadly Pre-Industrial (PI; 1950 CE) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 BCE) climates. Two simulations using the fully coupled Earth System Model, with atmosphere, ocean and sea-ice components, were undertaken by forcing the model with the boundary conditions of each climate state. The boundary conditions included appropriate greenhouse forcing using CO2 equivalents and orbital parameters. Climatologies of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and x and y vectors of sea surface wind stresses were produced by both the PI and LGM coupled experiments and were used to force the ocean general circulation model. Additional climatologies of sea ice fractional cover, sea surface wind speeds, and net incident short-wave radiation were important for forcing the biogeochemical model. These climatologies are available. Also available are the three-dimensional global annual averages of oceanic properties for both PI and LGM climates. These include temperature, salinity, oxygen, apparent oxygen utilisation, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, calcite saturation state, aragonite saturation state, phosphate and iron concentrations. A full description of the CSIRO Mk3L v1.2 can be found in both: Phipps, S. J., Rotstayn, L. D., Gordon, H. B., Roberts, J. L., Hirst, A. C., and Budd, W. F.: The CSIRO Mk3L climate system model version 1.0 - Part 1: Description and evaluation, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 483-509, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-483-2011, 2011. Phipps, S. J., Rotstayn, L. D., Gordon, H. B., Roberts, J. L., Hirst, A. C., and Budd, W. F.: The CSIRO Mk3L climate system model version 1.0 - Part 2: Response to external forcings, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 649-682, doi:10.5194/gmd-5-649-2012, 2012. A complete description of the biogeochemical ocean model that was used (Mk3L-COAL) can be found in Appendix A of: Matear, R. J. and Lenton, A.: Quantifying the impact of ocean acidification on our future climate, Biogeosciences, 11, 3965-3983, doi:10.5194/bg-11-3965-2014, Contact: pearse.buchanan@utas.edu.au for any question on the dataset content and provenance paola.petrelli@utas.edu.au for questions or issues with file accessibility Guide to the data files: |Pre-Industrial output| O-PI_GCM.nc = Physical fields for the Pre-Industrial climate PIice.nc = Sea ice concentration fields for the Pre-Industrial climate O-PI.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Pre-Industrial climate O-PI_LGM-co2.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Pre-Industrial climate (with atmospheric CO2 set at 185 ppm) O-PI_LGM-sol.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Pre-Industrial climate (with atmospheric CO2 set at 185 ppm, and surface conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum) O-PI_LGM-ice.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Pre-Industrial climate (with atmospheric CO2 set at 185 ppm, and sea ice of the Last Glacial Maximum) |Last Glacial Maximum output| O-LGM_GCM.nc = Physical fields for the Last Glacial Maximum climate LGMice.nc = Sea ice concentration fields for the Last Glacial Maximum climate O-LGM.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Last Glacial Maximum climate O-LGM_BGC-poc.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Last Glacial Maximum climate (with 10x potential export production) O-LGM_BGC-rem.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Last Glacial Maximum climate (with increased export of organic matter to depth) O-LGM_BGC-pic.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Last Glacial Maximum climate (with no production of calcifying organisms) O-LGM_BGC-all.nc = Biogeochemical fields for the Last Glacial Maximum climate (with all above biogeochemical modifications) |Observational datasets used for validation| Levitus_obs.nc = Observations of modern fields from Levitus, Levitus (2001) World Ocean Database, Vol 13, US Department of Commerce, National Ocean and Atmosphere Agency. FIELDS FROM THE GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL: CDEPTHM - Maximum depth of convection - metres (m) MOEA - Eddy-induced meridional overturning in the Atlantic Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOEG - Eddy-induced meridional overturning in the Global Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOEI - Eddy-induced meridional overturning in the Indian Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOEP - Eddy-induced meridional overturning in the Pacific Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOLA - Large-scale meridional overturning in the Atlantic Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOLG - Large-scale meridional overturning in the Global Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOLI - Large-scale meridional overturning in the Indian Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOLP - Large-scale meridional overturning in the Pacific Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOTA - Total meridional overturning in the Atlantic Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOTG - Total meridional overturning in the Global Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOTI - Total meridional overturning in the Indian Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) MOTP - Total meridional overturning in the Pacific Ocean - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) RES - Barotropic streamfunction - sverdrups (1e6 m3/s) SMFMER - Meridional wind stress - pascals (N/m2) SMFZON - Zonal wind stress - pascals (N/m2) STFHT - Surface heat flux - Watts per m2 (W/m2) STFSAL - Surface salinity tendency - psu per second (s-1) U - Zonal velocity - metres per second (m/s) V - Meridional velocity - metres per second (m/s) W - Vertical velocity - metres per second (m/s) FIELDS FROM THE SEA ICE MODEL: ICEMAX - Maximum annual sea ice extent - fractional cover per metre squared (m-2) ICEMIN - Minimum annual sea ice extent - fractional cover per metre squared (m-2) ICEAVE - Annual average sea ice extent - fractional cover per metre squared (m-2) FIELDS FROM THE BIOGEOCHMEICAL MODEL: PCO2 - Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at surface - Parts per million (ppm) POC - Particulate Organic Matter production at surface - grams carbon per metre squared per year (g C m-2 yr-1) PIC - Particulate Inorganic Matter production at surface - grams carbon per metre squared per year (g C m-2 yr-1) WIND2 - Sea surface wind speed squared - metres per second (m/s) TEMP - Potential temperature - Celcius SAL - Salinity - PSU OXY - Oxygen concentration - millimoles per cubic metre (mmol/m3) DIC - Dissolved Inorganic Carbon concentration - millimoles per cubic metre (mmol/m3) ALK - Alkalinity concentration - millimolar equivalents per cubic metre (mmol Eq. / m3) PO4 - Phosphate concentration - millimoles per cubic metre (mmol/m3) FE - Bioavailable iron concentration - micromoles per cubic metre (umol/m3) OMEGAAR - Aragonite saturation state - Omega OMEGACA - Calcite saturation state - Omega Provided Keywords: Nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, Marine ecosystem, Phytoplankton, Carbon dioxide, climate change ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The ocean's ability to store large quantities of carbon, combined with the millennial longevity over which this reservoir is overturned, has implicated the ocean as a key driver of glacial–interglacial climates. However, the combination of processes that cause an accumulation of carbon within the ocean during glacial periods is still under debate. Here we present simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using the CSIRO Mk3L-COAL (Carbon–Ocean–Atmosphere–Land) earth system model to test the contribution of physical and biogeochemical processes to ocean carbon storage. For the LGM simulation, we find a significant global cooling of the surface ocean (3.2 °C) and the expansion of both minimum and maximum sea ice cover broadly consistent with proxy reconstructions. The glacial ocean stores an additional 267 Pg C in the deep ocean relative to the pre-industrial (PI) simulation due to stronger Antarctic Bottom Water formation. However, 889 Pg C is lost from the upper ocean via equilibration with a lower atmospheric CO2 concentration and a global decrease in export production, causing a net loss of carbon relative to the PI ocean. The LGM deep ocean also experiences an oxygenation ( > 100 mmol O2 m-3) and deepening of the calcite saturation horizon (exceeds the ocean bottom) at odds with proxy reconstructions. With modifications to key biogeochemical processes, which include an increased export of organic matter due to a simulated release from iron limitation, a deepening of remineralisation and decreased inorganic carbon export driven by cooler temperatures, we find that the carbon content of the glacial ocean can be sufficiently increased (317 Pg C) to explain the reduction in atmospheric and terrestrial carbon at the LGM (194 ± 2 and 330 ± 400 Pg C, respectively). Assuming an LGM–PI difference of 95 ppm pCO2, we find that 55 ppm can be attributed to the biological pump, 28 ppm to circulation changes and the remaining 12 ppm to solubility. The biogeochemical modifications also improve model–proxy agreement in export production, carbonate chemistry and dissolved oxygen fields. Thus, we find strong evidence that variations in the oceanic biological pump exert a primary control on the climate. DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Engagement Branch 1-828-271-4800 1-828-271-4876 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA ncei.orders@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov HTTPS Web Browser NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information. information 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free, however fees may apply for data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Native Format(s) https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=noaa-model-23470 HTTPS Landing Page NCEI landing page for this dataset Dataset landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23470 HTTPS Web Browser NCEI Study Page Study page with dataset access information. search https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoclimatology-modeling HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page General information for this data type. information http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/41/5859eeac6b473 HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/buchanan2016/ HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/buchanan2016/ Data Folder download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/buchanan2016/buchanan2016-mk3l-lgm.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This metadata record was translated from DIF using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2018-10-25