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ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The early part of the last deglaciation is characterised by a ~40 ppm atmospheric CO2 rise ocurring in two abrupt phases. The underlying mechanisms driving these increases remain asubject of intense debate. Here, we successfully reproduce changes in CO2, d13C and ?14C as recorded by paleo-records during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1). We show that HS1 CO2in reasecan be explained by enhanced Southern Ocean upwelling of carbon-rich Pacific deep andintermediate waters, resulting from intensified Southern Ocean convection and SouthernHemisphere (SH) westerlies. While enhanced Antarctic Bottom Water formation leads to a millennial CO2 outgassing, intensified SH westerlies induce a multi-decadal atmospheric CO2 rise. A strengthening of SH westerlies in a global eddy-permitting ocean model furthersupports a multi-decadal CO2 outgassing from the Southern Ocean. Our results highlight thecrucial role of SH westerlies in the global climate and carbon cycle system with importantimplica ions for future climate projections.</gco:CharacterString>
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