noaa-other-10290 eng; USA utf8 dataset Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2018-12-11 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - South Africa Deglacial Hyrax Midden Stable Isotope Data 2011-01-27 publication noaa-other-10290 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Chase, B.M. originator Chase, B.M. author Quick, L.J. originator Quick, L.J. author Meadows, M.E. originator Meadows, M.E. author Scott, L. originator Scott, L. author Thomas, D.S.G. originator Thomas, D.S.G. author Reimer, P.J. originator Reimer, P.J. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Other Collections. The data include parameters of others with a geographic location of South Africa, Southern Africa. The time period coverage is from 19386 to 7261 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Data of past climate and environment derived from unusual proxy evidence. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed Bauer, Bruce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce +1 303-497-6280 +1 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/CC23 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/c/images/pc-default-other.png Paleoclimatology - Other Collections PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher earth science > paleoclimate > others theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Younger Dryas theme Continent > Africa > Southern Africa > South Africa> De Rif > LATITUDE -32.446 > LONGITUDE 19.221 place otherRestrictions Cite as: Chase, B.M.; Quick, L.J.; Meadows, M.E.; Scott, L.; Thomas, D.S.G.; Reimer, P.J. (2011-01-27): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - South Africa Deglacial Hyrax Midden Stable Isotope Data . [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10290. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 19386 cal yr BP to 7261 cal yr BP; 19.221 19.221 -32.446 -32.446 Study Coordinates -32.446 19.221 -17436 -5311 STUDY NOTES: Here we present stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data obtained from a rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) midden recovered from the Cederberg Mountains of South Africa's Western Cape (32.446°S, 19.221°E). Located in the core of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone (sensu Chase and Meadows (2007)), the site presently receives c. 380 mm yr-1 of rainfall with >80% falling between April and October. This marked seasonality is a product of the annual expansions and migrations of westerly storm tracks and associated frontal systems. Each winter these systems bring rain to southwestern Africa and each summer, as they contract poleward, their influence is replaced by the southward displacement of the South Atlantic Anticyclone and the development of coastal upwelling cells. The behaviour and influence of these systems on terrestrial environments over centennial to multi-millennial timescales, however, remains largely unresolved. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon analyses of 10 samples from a 400 mm section of the De Rif midden indicate that it was deposited between ca. 19,500 and 7300 cal yr B.P., spanning the entire Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (LGIT). Further, the distribution of ages as a function of depth shows that accumulation throughout this period was broadly continuous, with no hiatuses indicated. Upper (0-70 mm) and lower (235-400 mm) sections are composed primarily of urine and accumulated at a rate of ~20–30 um yr-1. Separating these sections is a 165-mm-thick layer that contains a greater admixture of fecal pellets, which increased the rate of deposition to ~94 um yr-1. Samples for stable isotope analysis were drilled by hand with a 1-mm-diameter drill bit with an average sample interval of 1.5 mm. The d15N values vary from 5.3‰ to -2.3‰. Among herbivores, such 15N abundance in animal tissues is influenced by climate, diet, and/or physiology (Ambrose and DeNiro, 1986; Heaton et al., 1986). While many studies have focused on the possible effects of animal metabolism on the signal (Ambrose and DeNiro, 1986), studies of d15N in plants across aridity gradients indicate clear correlations between enriched d15N and decreased rainfall (Murphy and Bowman, 2006; Schwarcz et al., 1999), suggesting that metabolism per se may have negligible or relatively minor influence on the signal. In particular, spatially extensive studies of d15N in both grass and kangaroo bone from across Australia reveal a strong, consistent relationship between plant and bone d15N values, suggesting that water availability, through its influence on the isotopic signature of consumed vegetation, is the primary control on animal d15N, with metabolism having no clear effect (Murphy and Bowman, 2006). These findings are supported by stable isotope records obtained from hyrax middens in Namibia, which show strong similarities between variations in d15N and a range of paleoenvironmental proxies reflecting changes in precipitation over multimillennial time scales (Chase et al., 2009). The d13C values from the midden vary between -28.3‰ and -26.9‰. As a reflection of hyrax diet, these values indicate that the site has hosted a predominantly to purely C3 vegetation throughout the recorded period. This ecosystem stability over time provides a unique opportunity for variations in d13C to be used as a proxy for climate rather than vegetation. Although variations in d13C in middens are often interpreted in terms of changing proportions of C3 versus C4 plants in the landscape (Scott and Vogel, 2000), in ecosystems supporting only C3 plants, variations in d13C are primarily a function of leaf-level changes in water-use efficiency (Ehleringer and Cooper, 1988). Thus, the d13C variations in the De Rif hyrax midden are interpreted as primarily reflecting changes in effective precipitation. This interpretation is supported by the strong similarities that are evident between the d13C and d15N records (and argues against a significant influence of long-term changes in atmospheric CO2; Arens et al., 2000), providing mutual validation that climate is the primary determinant of the observed signals. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Our ability to identify the timing and extent of past major climate fluctuations is central to understanding changes in the global climate system. Of the events that have occurred in recent geological time, the Younger Dryas (YD, 13-11.5 ka), an abrupt return to near-glacial conditions during the last glacial-interglacial transition (ca. 18-11.5 ka), is one of the most widely reported. While this event is apparent throughout the Northern Hemisphere (Peteet, 1995), evidence for its occurrence in the Southern Hemisphere remains equivocal due to a lack of well-dated terrestrial records. Here we report high-resolution stable carbon and nitrogen isotope records obtained from a rock hyrax midden, revealing the first unequivocal terrestrial manifestation of the YD from the southern African subtropics. These results provide key evidence for the relative influence of the YD, and suggest that a subtropical-temperate transition zone existed along the oceanic Subtropical Front (~41°S) across the Southern Hemisphere, with the Northern Hemisphere exerting a strong influence on all but the higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere after the Heinrich Stadial 1 (15 ka). 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Native Format(s) https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=noaa-other-10290 HTTPS Landing Page NCEI landing page for this dataset Dataset landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10290 HTTPS Web Browser NCEI Study Page Study page with dataset access information. search https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/other-collections HTTPS Information NCEI Other Collections Page General information for this data type. information https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/midden/africa/de-rif2011iso.txt HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/midden/africa/de-rif2011iso.xls HTTP Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This metadata record was translated from DIF using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2018-10-25