{"NOAAStudyId":"22472","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-05-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"BOREHOLE","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/borehole","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-borehole-22472.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1150,"earliestYearCE":800,"entryId":"noaa-borehole-22472","funding":[],"investigators":"Demezhko, D.Y.; Golovanova, I.V.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22472","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"This investigation is based on a study of two paleoclimatic curves obtained in the Urals (51–59° N, 58–61° E): i) a ground surface temperature history (GSTH) reconstruction since 800 A.D. and ii) meteorological data for the last 170 years. Temperature anomalies measured in 49 boreholes were used for the GSTH reconstruction. It is shown that a traditional averaging of the histories leads to the lowest estimates of amplitude of past temperature fluctuations. The interval estimates method, accounting separately for the rock's thermal diffusivity variations and the influence of a number of non-climatic causes, was used to obtain the average GSTH. Joint analysis of GSTH and meteorological data bring us to the following conclusions. First, ground surface temperatures in the Medieval maximum during 1100–1200 were 0.4 K higher than the 20th century mean temperature (1900–1960). The Little Ice Age cooling was culminated in 1720 when surface mean temperature was 1.6 K below the 20th century mean temperature. Secondly, contemporary warming began approximately one century prior to the first instrumental measurements in the Urals. The rate of warming was +0.25 K/100 years in the 18th century, +1.15 K/100 years in the 19th and +0.75 K/100 years in the first 80 years of the 20th century. Finally, the mean rate of warming increased in the final decades of 20th century. An analysis of linear regression coefficients in running intervals of 21 and 31 years, shows that there were periods of warming with almost the same rates in the past, including the 19th century.","author":{"name":"Demezhko, D.Yu. and I.V. Golovanova"},"citation":"Demezhko, D.Yu. and I.V. Golovanova. 2007. Climatic changes in the Urals over the past millennium; an analysis of geothermal and meteorological data. Climate of the Past, 3, 237-242. doi: 10.5194/cp-3-237-2007","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-3-237-2007","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-237-2007"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"237-242","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climatic changes in the Urals over the past millennium; an analysis of geothermal and meteorological data","type":"publication","volume":"3"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57373","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["51","59","58","61"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"61","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"59","southernmostLatitude":"51","westernmostLongitude":"58"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Eastern Europe>Russia","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33565","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>boreholes>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/borehole/demezhko2007/demezhko2007-urals.txt","linkText":"Temperature Anomaly Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"BOREHOLE","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"GST anomaly relative to (800-1950) mean; borehole temperature inversion (see Demezhko; D. Y.; Shchapov; V. A.; Glob. Planet. Change; 29; 219–230; 2001)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"numerical simulation","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"BOREHOLE|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"GST anomaly relative to (800-1950) mean; borehole temperature inversion (see Demezhko; D. Y.; Shchapov; V. A.; Glob. Planet. Change; 29; 219–230; 2001)","cvDataType":"BOREHOLE|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"inverse model","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>boreholes>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-SourthAndMiddleUrals.Demezhko.2007.txt","linkText":"PAGES 2k v2 Original Source URL","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>boreholes>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-SourthAndMiddleUrals.Demezhko.2007.lpd","linkText":"PAGES 2k v2 Original Source URL","urlDescription":"LiPD File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Urals Temp Demezhko2007","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":800,"earliestYearBP":1150,"earliestYearCE":800,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Southern and Central Urals"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Southern and Central Urals Borehole Temperature Reconstruction covering 800-1950 CE","studyNotes":"Half-centennial resolution. Elevation estimated from GoogleEarth and rounded to 100 m","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20658"}