{"NOAAStudyId":"22591","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-05-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"BOREHOLE","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/borehole","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-borehole-22591.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1942,"earliestYearCE":8,"entryId":"noaa-borehole-22591","funding":[],"investigators":"Orsi, A.J.; Cornuelle, B.D.; Severinghaus, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22591","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The largest climate anomaly of the last 1000 years in the Northern Hemisphere was the Little Ice Age (LIA) from 1400–1850 C.E., but little is known about the signature of this event in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. We present temperature data from a 300 m borehole at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide. Results show that WAIS Divide was colder than the last 1000-year average from 1300 to 1800 C.E. The temperature in the time period 1400–1800 C.E. was on average 0.52 ± 0.28°C colder than the last 100-year average. This amplitude is about half of that seen at Greenland Summit (GRIP). This result is consistent with the idea that the LIA was a global event, probably caused by a change in solar and volcanic forcing, and was not simply a seesaw-type redistribution of heat between the hemispheres as would be predicted by some ocean-circulation hypotheses. The difference in the magnitude of the LIA between Greenland and West Antarctica suggests that the feedbacks amplifying the radiative forcing may not operate in the same way in both regions.","author":{"name":"Orsi, Anais J., Bruce D. Cornuelle, and Jeffrey P. Severinghaus"},"citation":"Orsi, Anais J., Bruce D. Cornuelle, and Jeffrey P. Severinghaus. 2012. Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(9), L09710. doi: 10.1029/2012GL051260","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2012GL051260","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051260"},"issue":"9","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":"L09710","title":"Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide","type":"publication","volume":"39"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57382","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-79.463","-112.125"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-112.125","maxElevationMeters":"1766","minElevationMeters":"1766","northernmostLatitude":"-79.463","southernmostLatitude":"-79.463","westernmostLongitude":"-112.125"}},"locationName":"Continent>Antarctica","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33575","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>boreholes>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Ant-WAIS-Divide.Severinghaus.2012.txt","linkText":"PAGES 2k v2 Original Contribution","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>boreholes>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Ant-WAIS-Divide.Severinghaus.2012.lpd","linkText":"PAGES 2k v2 Original Contribution","urlDescription":"Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>boreholes>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/borehole/severinghaus2012/severinghaus2012-wais.txt","linkText":"WAIS Divide Temperature Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"BOREHOLE","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"inverse model","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"numerical simulation","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"inverse model","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"numerical simulation","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"BOREHOLE|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"BOREHOLE|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"inverse model","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"BOREHOLE|CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"inverse model","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"WAIS-Divide Severinghaus2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":8,"earliestYearBP":1942,"earliestYearCE":8,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"WAIS Divide"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Borehole temperature reconstruction over the last 2000 years","studyNotes":"The first 1000 years are not well constrained. See the paper for details.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20786"}