{"NOAAStudyId":"10072","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-01-03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-10072.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":946,"earliestYearCE":1004,"entryId":"noaa-cave-10072","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"NERC","fundingGrant":"NER/T/S/2002/00986"},{"fundingAgency":"Leverhulme Trust","fundingGrant":"International Network"},{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"European Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Baker, A.; Wilson, R.J.S.; Fairchild, I.J.; Franke, J.; Spötl, C.; Mattey, D.; Trouet, V.; Fuller, L.","mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10072","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"High-resolution (annual to decadal) stable isotope records of oxygen \nand carbon are analysed from an annually laminated stalagmite from \nNW Scotland. The sample, which was deposited for ~1000 yrs until \n1996 AD, has previously provided annual resolution climate \nreconstructions of local rainfall and regional winter North Atlantic \nOscillation (wNAO) from variations in annual growth rate. For our \nstalagmite, for which modern cave monitoring demonstrates that \nequilibrium deposition is highly likely for d18O but not for d13C, \nstalagmite d13C originally derives from soil CO2 produced \npredominantly by microbial respiration, modified by degassing-related \nkinetic fractionation, and d18O from the composition of infiltrating \nwater during periods of infiltrating water. Both the presence of \nfluorescent laminae and modern drip-water monitoring demonstrate \na drip hydrology that comprises both event and storage components. \nOver the instrumental period, no correlations between stalagmite \nor rainfall d18O and precipitation amount or temperature are observed, \nbut correlations are observed between rainfall d18O and 500 mb height \nat regional IAEA monitoring stations. However, no correlations are \nobserved between stalagmite d18O and instrumental and reconstructed \natmospheric circulation, preventing a simple palaeoclimate \ninterpretation of the stalagmite d18O proxy.  Stalagmite d13C has \na stronger temporal autocorrelation than d18O, indicative of soil \nmixing of respired CO2 and significant variability between drips \nand at different times; correlations with instrumental climate data \nare therefore not possible. The relative timing of changes in growth \nrate, d18O and d13C are discussed, and interpretations compared with \nother regional climate records. We conclude that, over the last \nmillennium at this mid-latitude cave site, neither d18O nor d13C \ncannot be interpreted as a simple paleoclimate proxy. \n\n","author":null,"citation":"Baker, A., R. Wilson, I.J. Fairchild, J. Franke, C. Spötl, \nD. Mattey, V. Trouet, and L. Fuller.  2011. \nHigh resolution d18O and d13C records from an annually laminated \nScottish stalagmite and relationship with last millennium climate. \nGlobal and Planetary Change. \ndoi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.12.007 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.12.007 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.12.007 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Global and Planetary Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":null,"reportNumber":null,"title":"High resolution d18O and d13C records from an annually laminated  Scottish stalagmite and relationship with last millennium climate","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["North Atlantic Oscillation"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"6543","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["58.15","-4.98"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-4.98","maxElevationMeters":"220","minElevationMeters":"220","northernmostLatitude":"58.15","southernmostLatitude":"58.15","westernmostLongitude":"-4.98"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe>British Isles>United Kingdom","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18978","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/scotland/tartair2011.txt","linkText":"tartair2011.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/scotland/tartair2011.xls","linkText":"tartair2011.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"SU967","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1004,"earliestYearBP":946,"earliestYearCE":1004,"mostRecentYear":1991,"mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Uamh an Tartair"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Uamh an Tartair, Scotland 1000Yr Stalagmite SU967 Stable Isotope Data ","studyNotes":"Stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data at near-annual resolution \nfrom a stalagmite from northwestern Scotland.  Stalagmite SU967 \nwas micro-milled at 100 micron resolution and analysed for \ndelta 18O and 13C to obtain a record of these stable isotopes \nfor the last 1000 years. The same stalagmite contains continuous \nannual laminae. The lamina width record has been previously shown \nto provide a climate record of rainfall amount and the North \nAtlantic Oscillation (Proctor et al. 2000, 2002; Trouet et al. 2009) \nand is archived at the WDC. In contrast, delta O-18 and 13-C \ncannot be interpreted as simple paleoclimate proxies.\n\nStalagmite SU967 was milled at 100 micron resolution. \nEvery fifth sample was extended to provide marker horizons. \nThe stalagmite was reimaged using UV microscopy to enable \na chronology for the stable isotope series to be built \nusing the lamina width record. Each milled isotope sample \nintegrates from <1 yr to c.10 years of speleothem accumulation, \ndepending on growth rate. The calendar ages given are our best \nestimate of the start date for each mill, and therefore apply to \nsubsequent years where growth rates are slow.  Ages have the \nuncertainty of the original laminae chronology as archived \nat the WDC (see Proctor et al. 2002).        \n\nUamh an Tartair is part of the Cnoc nan Uamh cave system,\n3 km east of Inchnadamph in Assynt, in Northwest Scotland.  \nUK National Grid Reference NC 276 206 \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8905"}