{"NOAAStudyId":"10441","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-09-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-10441.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":31271,"earliestYearCE":-29321,"entryId":"noaa-cave-10441","funding":[],"investigators":"Hellstrom, J.C.; McCulloch, M.T.; Stone, J.O.","mostRecentYearBP":128,"mostRecentYearCE":1822,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10441","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Uranium-series dating and stable isotope analyses of two speleothems\nfrom northwest Nelson, New Zealand, record changes in regional climate \nand local forest extent over the past 31,000 years.  Oxygen isotope \nvariation in these speleothems primarily represents changes in the \nmeteoric waters falling above the caves, possibly responding to \nlatitudinal changes in the position of the Subtropical Front in the \nTasman Sea. Seven positive excursions can be identified in the oxygen \nisotope record, which coincide with periods of glacier advance, \nknown to be sensitive to northward movement of the Subtropical Front. \nFour glacier advances occurred during oxygen isotope stage 2, with the \nmost extreme glacial conditions centered on 19,000 cal yr B.P. \nAn excursion in the oxygen isotope record from 13,800 to 11,700 \ncal yr B.P. provides support for a previously identified New Zealand \nglacier advance at the time of the Younger Dryas Stade, but suggests \nit began slightly before the Younger Dryas as recorded in Greenland\nice cores. Carbon isotope variations in the speleothems record changes \nin forest productivity, closely matching existing paleovegetation \nrecords. On the basis of vegetation changes, stage 2 glacial climate \nconditions terminated abruptly in central New Zealand, from 15,700 \nto 14,200 cal yr B.P. Evidence of continuous speleothem growth at one \nsite suggests that depression of the local treeline was limited to \n600-700 m below its present altitude, throughout the last 31,000 years.","author":null,"citation":"Hellstrom, J., M. McCulloch, and J. Stone. 1998. \nA detailed 31,000-year record of climate and vegetation change, \nfrom the isotope geochemistry of two New Zealand speleothems. \nQuaternary Research, Vol. 50, pp. 167-178. \nARTICLE NO. QR981991 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1006/qres.1998.1991","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1991"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":1998,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A detailed 31,000-year record of climate and vegetation change,  from the isotope geochemistry of two New Zealand speleothems.","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31167","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-41.25","172.6833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"172.6833","maxElevationMeters":"390","minElevationMeters":"390","northernmostLatitude":"-41.25","southernmostLatitude":"-41.25","westernmostLongitude":"172.6833"}},"locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand>New Zealand","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18360","coreLengthMeters":1,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/mt-arthur1998.txt","linkText":"mt-arthur1998.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/mt-arthur1998.xls","linkText":"mt-arthur1998.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"MD3","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":31271,"earliestYearBP":31271,"earliestYearCE":-29321,"mostRecentYear":128,"mostRecentYearBP":128,"mostRecentYearCE":1822,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Nettlebed Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Mt. Arthur, New Zealand 31KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Continuous high-resolution stable isotope records from caves \nin New Zealand over the last 31,000 yr.  Mt. Arthur (1795 m)  \nis located northwestern corner of New Zealand's South Island, \nunderlain by many known cave systems, the two largest and \ndeepest being Exhaleair and Nettlebed Caves used for this study. \n\nA 50-mm-diameter core sample was recovered from each site \nby drilling into gently sloping flowstones (massive sheet\nspeleothems which form on cave walls and floors). \nCore MD3 was dated at nine points, and Core ED1 was dated at \nthree points, using the mass-spectrometric 238U-234U-230Th method. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9105"}