{"NOAAStudyId":"12421","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-01-27","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-12421.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":49585,"earliestYearCE":-47635,"entryId":"noaa-cave-12421","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-1003466, NSF 0502535, 1103403"}],"investigators":"Kanner, L.C.; Burns, S.J.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.","mostRecentYearBP":16021,"mostRecentYearCE":-14071,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12421","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The climate of the Last Glacial period (10,000 to 110,000 years ago) was characterized by rapid millennial-scale climate fluctuations termed Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) and Heinrich events. We present results from a speleothem-derived proxy of the South American summer monsoon (SASM) from 16,000 to 50,000 years ago that demonstrate the occurrence of D/O cycles and Heinrich events. This tropical Southern Hemisphere monsoon reconstruction illustrates an antiphase relationship to Northern Hemisphere monsoon intensity at the millennial scale. Our results also show an influence of Antarctic millennial-scale climate fluctuations on the SASM. This high-resolution, precisely dated, tropical precipitation record can be used to establish the timing of climate events in the high latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.","author":{"name":"Lisa C. Kanner, Stephen J. Burns, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards"},"citation":"Lisa C. Kanner, Stephen J. Burns, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards. 2012. High-Latitude Forcing of the South American Summer Monsoon  During the Last Glacial. Science, 335(6068), 570-573. doi: 10.1126/science.1213397 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1213397 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1213397 "},"issue":"6068","journal":"Science","pages":"570-573","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"High-Latitude Forcing of the South American Summer Monsoon  During the Last Glacial","type":"publication","volume":"335"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Heinrich Events","PAGES LOTRED SA2k","PAGES 2k Network","Monsoon","Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52617","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-11.24","-75.82"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-75.82","maxElevationMeters":"3800","minElevationMeters":"3800","northernmostLatitude":"-11.24","southernmostLatitude":"-11.24","westernmostLongitude":"-75.82"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Peru","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20775","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/peru/pacupahuain2012.txt","linkText":"pacupahuain2012.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance>grayscale"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/peru/pacupahuain2012.xls","linkText":"pacupahuain2012.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"P09-PH2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":49585,"earliestYearBP":49585,"earliestYearCE":-47635,"mostRecentYear":16021,"mostRecentYearBP":16021,"mostRecentYearCE":-14071,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Pacupahuain Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Pacupahuain Cave, Peru Glacial Stable Isotope and Greyscale Data","studyNotes":"The Pacupahuain Cave P09PH2 stalagmite sample is record of paleoclimatic \nchange in tropical South America during the Last Glacial period between \n16,000 and 50,000 years ago. The age model is based on 17 U/Th ages. \nStable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (d18O and d13C, per mil VPDB) \nwere measured on 1076 micromilled samples taken along the growth axis. \nGreyscale data was determined using ImageJ software.  Average sampling \nresolution is approximately 30 years. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10465"}