{"NOAAStudyId":"12841","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-03-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-12841.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2943,"earliestYearCE":-993,"entryId":"noaa-cave-12841","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Austrian Science Fund FWF","fundingGrant":"Y122-GEO"}],"investigators":"Boch, R.; Spötl, C.","mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12841","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Several drill cores were obtained from a laminated, actively forming \r\nflowstone from a shallow cave in Austria. Highly resolved petrographic \r\nand geochemical analyses combined with multi-annual cave monitoring \r\nreveal a distinct sensitivity of flowstone growth and composition to \r\nlate Holocene meteoric precipitation. The regular sub-millimetre-scale \r\nlamination consists of thicker, translucent laminae and thinner \r\n(organic) inclusion-rich laminae. There is also a macroscopic \r\nmillimetre-scale banding of darker and lighter bands comprising \r\nseveral laminae. Stable isotope analyses of drill cores and modern \r\ncalcite precipitates show a pronounced positive covariation of d13C \r\nand d18O values indicative of kinetic isotope effects. Comparing the \r\nisotope values with petrography shows gradual changes across several \r\nof the annual laminae, i.e. changes of several per mille on a \r\nmulti-annual to decadal timescale. The stable isotope and trace-element \r\ncomposition, as well as the flowstone petrography, are mainly \r\ncontrolled by the variable drip-water discharge controlling the \r\nwater-film thickness and water residence time on the flowstone surface \r\nand consequently the intensity of CO2-degassing, kinetic isotope \r\nenrichment and concomitant calcite precipitation. Drill core PFU6\r\nprovides an isotope record of the last ca. 3000 years at near-annual \r\nresolution. A distinct phase of low C and O isotope values - \r\ninterpreted as increased discharge and hence higher meteoric \r\nprecipitation - occurred from ca. 300 to 140 a b2k (second half \r\nof the Little Ice Age) and another wet interval occurred around 700 a, \r\ncorresponding to reported Medieval glacier advances. The Roman Warm \r\nPeriod was also dominated by relatively wet conditions, although \r\nsignificant decadal variability prevailed. Increased precipitation \r\nfurther characterized the intervals from ca. 2480 to 2430 and 2950 \r\nto 2770 a. Dry conditions persisted during the Medieval Climate \r\nAnomaly, although this trend towards reduced precipitation started \r\nearlier. The highest C isotope values of the last 2 ka are recorded \r\naround 750 a and another dry phase is centred at 1480 a. This new \r\nrecord shows that inter-annual to decadal oscillations are a dominant \r\nmode of variation during the last 3 ka in the Alps. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Boch, R. and C. Spötl. 2011. \r\nReconstructing palaeoprecipitation from an active cave flowstone. \r\nJournal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 26(7), pp. 675-687. \r\nISSN 0267-8179. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1490","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/jqs.1490","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1490"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstructing palaeoprecipitation from an active cave flowstone","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["precipitation","PAGES 2k Network","PAGES Euro-Med 2k"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52996","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.95","10.55"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"10.55","maxElevationMeters":"1140","minElevationMeters":"1140","northernmostLatitude":"46.95","southernmostLatitude":"46.95","westernmostLongitude":"10.55"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Austria","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21174","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/austria/klapferloch2011.txt","linkText":"klapferloch2011.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/austria/klapferloch2011.xls","linkText":"klapferloch2011.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"PFU6","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":2943,"earliestYearBP":2943,"earliestYearCE":-993,"mostRecentYear":-47,"mostRecentYearBP":-47,"mostRecentYearCE":1997,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Klapferloch Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Klapferloch Cave, Austria 3000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"High resolution (near annual) 3000 year flowstone stable isotope record \nfrom core PFU6 collected in an east Austrian cave. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10904"}