{"NOAAStudyId":"12972","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-06-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-12972.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2396,"earliestYearCE":-446,"entryId":"noaa-cave-12972","funding":[],"investigators":"Lachniet, M.S.; Bernal, J.P.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.; Piperno, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12972","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Droughts are a recurring feature of Mexican climate, but few \r\nhigh-resolution data are available to test for climate-change \r\nforcing of Mesoamerican civilizations. We present a quantitative\r\n2400 yr rainfall reconstruction for the Basin of Mexico, from a \r\nprecisely dated and highly resolved speleothem, that documents \r\nhighly variable rainfall over the past 2400 yr. Dry conditions \r\npeaked during a 150-yr-long late Classic (ca. 600–900 CE) (Common \r\nEra) mega drought that culminated at 770 CE which followed \r\ncenturies of climatic drying that spanned the fall of the city \r\nof Teotihuacán ca. 550 CE. The wettest conditions in the 1450s \r\nCE were associated with flooding in the Basin of Mexico. \r\nOur data suggest that rainfall variability was likely forced \r\nby the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and impacts on spring-fed \r\nirrigation agriculture may have been a stressor on Mesoamerican \r\ncivilizations.","author":null,"citation":"Lachniet, M.S., J.P. Bernal, Y. Asmerom, V. Polyak, \r\nand D. Piperno. 2012. \r\nA 2400 yr Mesoamerican rainfall reconstruction links climate \r\nand cultural change. \r\nGeology, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp259 - 262, March 2012. \r\ndoi:10.1130/G32471.1 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G32471.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32471.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A 2400 yr Mesoamerican rainfall reconstruction links climate  and cultural change","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Precipitation Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53067","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["17.44","-99.16"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-99.16","maxElevationMeters":"927","minElevationMeters":"927","northernmostLatitude":"17.44","southernmostLatitude":"17.44","westernmostLongitude":"-99.16"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Mexico","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22442","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/mexico/juxtlahuaca2012.txt","linkText":"juxtlahuaca2012.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"7-month period>May-Nov","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"present defined as 2010.4 CE","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed: 5 years and corrected: actual age minus 9 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed: 5 years and corrected: actual age minus 9 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/mexico/juxtlahuaca2012.xls","linkText":"juxtlahuaca2012.xls","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"JX-6","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-446,"earliestYearBP":2396,"earliestYearCE":-446,"mostRecentYear":2010,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Juxtlahuaca Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Juxtlahuaca Cave, Mexico 2400 Year d18O and Precipitation Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Stalagmite JX-6 oxygen isotope data (d18O) and rainfall reconstruction \nfrom Juxtlahuaca Cave, Mexico for the past 2400 years.\n\nThe rainfall reconstruction is based on the 5-yr smoothed and 1-yr \ninterpolated d18O data, with ages adjusted 9-years older to account \nfor drip water transit time (see Figure DR2 of Lachniet et al., 2012). \n\nJuxtlahuaca Cave, near Colotlipa, Guerrero, Mexico: \n17.4°N, 99.2°W, 934 m a.s.l.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11014"}