{"NOAAStudyId":"13543","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-11-29","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-13543.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":13320,"earliestYearCE":-11370,"entryId":"noaa-cave-13543","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Ersek, V.; Clark, P.U.; Mix, A.C.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.","mostRecentYearBP":234,"mostRecentYearCE":1716,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13543","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Water resources in western North America depend on winter precipitation, yet our knowledge of its sensitivity to climate change remains limited. Similarly, understanding the potential for future loss of winter snow pack requires a longer perspective on natural climate variability. Here we use stable isotopes from a speleothem in southwestern Oregon to reconstruct winter climate change for much of the past 13,000 years. We find that on millennial time scales there were abrupt transitions between warm-dry and cold-wet regimes. Temperature and precipitation changes on multi-decadal to century timescales are consistent with ocean-atmosphere interactions that arise from mechanisms similar to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Extreme cold-wet and warm-dry events that punctuated the Holocene appear to be sensitive to solar forcing, possibly through the influence of the equatorial Pacific on the winter storm tracks reaching the US Pacific Northwest region.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Ersek, Vasile, Peter U. Clark, Alan C. Mix, Hai Cheng, and R. Lawrence Edwards. 2012. \r\nHolocene winter climate variability in mid-latitude western North America. \r\nNature Communications, Vol. 3, No. 1219.\r\nDOI: 10.1038/ncomms2222","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ncomms2222","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2222"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Holocene winter climate variability in mid-latitude western North America","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Pacific Decadal Oscillation"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54244","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["42.0981","-123.4072"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-123.4072","maxElevationMeters":"1300","minElevationMeters":"1300","northernmostLatitude":"42.0981","southernmostLatitude":"42.0981","westernmostLongitude":"-123.4072"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Oregon","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23249","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/oregon/oregoncaves2012ersek.txt","linkText":"oregoncaves2012ersek.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 4-year time steps: first block-averaging in 1-year increments for any subannual resolution and then using Gaussian interpolation with a smoothing window of 30 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 4-year time steps: first block-averaging in 1-year increments for any subannual resolution and then using Gaussian interpolation with a smoothing window of 30 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 4-year time steps: first block-averaging in 1-year increments for any subannual resolution and then using Gaussian interpolation with a smoothing window of 30 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 4-year time steps: first block-averaging in 1-year increments for any subannual resolution and then using Gaussian interpolation with a smoothing window of 30 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 4-year time steps: first block-averaging in 1-year increments for any subannual resolution and then using Gaussian interpolation with a smoothing window of 30 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 4-year time steps: first block-averaging in 1-year increments for any subannual resolution and then using Gaussian interpolation with a smoothing window of 30 years","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"OCN02-1Ersek2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7992,"earliestYearBP":7992,"earliestYearCE":-6042,"mostRecentYear":234,"mostRecentYearBP":234,"mostRecentYearCE":1716,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"23250","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/oregon/oregoncaves2012vacco.txt","linkText":"oregoncaves2012vacco.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for ice volume","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"OCN02-1Vacco2005","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":13320,"earliestYearBP":13320,"earliestYearCE":-11370,"mostRecentYear":9170,"mostRecentYearBP":9170,"mostRecentYearCE":-7220,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Oregon Caves National Monument"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Oregon Caves National Monument 13,000 Year Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Oxygen and carbon stable isotope data from stalagmite OCN02-1 collected in Oregon Caves National Monument ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11584"}