{"NOAAStudyId":"13733","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-02-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-13733.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":93974,"earliestYearCE":-92024,"entryId":"noaa-cave-13733","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"Geography programme, Graduate Research Fellowship programme, GK-12 programme"},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"Isotope Geoscience"},{"fundingAgency":"National Geographic Society","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Mosblech, N.A.S.; Bush, M.B.; Gosling, W.D.; Hodell, D.A.; Thomas, L.; van Calsteren, P.; Correa-Metrio, A.; Valencia, B.G.; Curtis, J.H.; van Woesik, R.","mostRecentYearBP":6147,"mostRecentYearCE":-4197,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13733","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The last glacial period was marked by multiple, abrupt reorganizations of ocean and atmosphere circulation. On thousand-year timescales, slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was associated with cooling in the high northern latitudes, whereas strengthened circulation was linked to northern warming. In the tropics, these millennial-scale events were primarily reflected in altered patterns of precipitation. These hydrologic fluctuations induced ecological changes in the Atlantic seaboard and the high Andes, but less is known about the Amazon Basin. Here we reconstruct precipitation over Amazonian Ecuador over the past 94,000 years using a d18O record from speleothems collected in Santiago Cave in western Amazonia. We interpret the variability of the d18O record as changes in the source and amount of precipitation. With the exception of the period between 40,000 and 17,000 years ago, abrupt, high-frequency changes coincide with shifts in North Atlantic circulation, indicating a high-latitude influence on Amazonian precipitation over millennial timescales. On longer timescales, the record shows a relationship to precessional changes in the Earth's orbit. In light of the lack of extreme aridity in our records, we conclude that ecosystems in western Amazonia have not experienced prolonged drying over the past 94,000 years.","author":null,"citation":"Nicole A.S. Mosblech, Mark B. Bush, William D. Gosling, David Hodell, Louise Thomas, Peter van Calsteren, Alexander Correa-Metrio, Bryan G. Valencia, Jason Curtis, and Robert van Woesik. 2012.\r\nNorth Atlantic forcing of Amazonian precipitation during the last ice age.\r\nNature Geoscience, Vol. 5, No. 11, pp. 817-820.\r\nDOI: 10.1038/ngeo1588","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo1588","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1588"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"North Atlantic forcing of Amazonian precipitation during the last ice age","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["hydrology","Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54374","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3.0167","-78.1333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-78.1333","maxElevationMeters":"980","minElevationMeters":"980","northernmostLatitude":"-3.0167","southernmostLatitude":"-3.0167","westernmostLongitude":"-78.1333"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Ecuador","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23420","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/ecuador/santiago2012.txt","linkText":"santiago2012.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from overall record mean","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from next oldest sample","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Santiago2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":93974,"earliestYearBP":93974,"earliestYearCE":-92024,"mostRecentYear":6147,"mostRecentYearBP":6147,"mostRecentYearCE":-4197,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Santiago Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Santiago Cave, Ecuador 94KYr Speleothem d18O Data","studyNotes":"Stacked d18O data from four speleothems collected in 2007 from Santiago Cave in the lowland wet forests of western Amazonia, Ecuador. \nThe composite isotope record consists of 4 speleothems: Sant3 from 6113-9486 years ago (ya); Sant1 from 8449-39460 ya; \nSant5 from 35080-46952 ya; and Sant4 from 40193-93974 ya","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11754"}