{"NOAAStudyId":"14748","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-07-26","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-14748.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":25900,"earliestYearCE":-23950,"entryId":"noaa-cave-14748","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-0214333, ATM-0703353, EAR-0326902"}],"investigators":"Polyak, V.J.; Asmerom, Y.; Burns, S.J.; Lachniet, M.S.","mostRecentYearBP":11396,"mostRecentYearCE":-9446,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14748","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Asmerom, Y., V.J. Polyak, and S.J. Burns"},"citation":"Asmerom, Y., V.J. Polyak, and S.J. Burns. 2010. Variable winter moisture in the southwestern United States linked to  rapid glacial climate shifts. Nature Geoscience, 3, 114-117. doi: 10.1038/ngeo754","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo754","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo754"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":"114-117","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Variable winter moisture in the southwestern United States linked to  rapid glacial climate shifts","type":"publication","volume":"3"},{"abstract":"North American terminal Pleistocene mammal extinctions are the subject of a long-running scientific debate. Although the role of climate has figured centrally, we lack clear knowledge of the timing and nature of terminal Pleistocene climate variability. Herein we document lengthy terminal Pleistocene drought in the southwestern United States (USA) using d13C and d234U effective moisture proxy data in speleothem calcite (stalagmite FS2) from Fort Stanton Cave, New Mexico, supplemented with age data from pool basin shelfstone speleothems from the Big Room in Carlsbad Cavern. This terminal Pleistocene drought, defined by a sharp rise in both d13C and d234U values, began just before 14.5 k.y. ago and lasted at least until 12.9 k.y. ago, when it was briefly and only mildly interrupted by the Younger Dryas. The timing and length of this drought (~1500 yr) match the Northern Hemisphere Bølling-Allerød oscillation preserved in Greenland ice cores and exhibited in the d18O record of stalagmite FS2. Rapid transition from cool moist Late Glacial to warm dry Holocene-like climatic conditions was likely unfavorable to many species of Pleistocene mammals in the southwestern USA. A climate-induced extinction implies that this last glacial cycle and its termination were more extreme than previous glacial cycles and/or glacial terminations.","author":{"name":"Polyak, V.J.;Asmerom, Y.;Burns, S.J.;Lachniet, M.S. "},"citation":"Polyak, V.J.;Asmerom, Y.;Burns, S.J.;Lachniet, M.S. 2012. Climatic backdrop to the terminal Pleistocene extinction of North American mammals. Geology, 40, 11, 1023-1026. doi: 10.1130/G33226.1","edition":"11","identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G33226.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G33226.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geology","pages":"1023-1026","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climatic backdrop to the terminal Pleistocene extinction of North American mammals","type":"publication","volume":"40"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["drought","Glacial"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31123","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["33.5067","-105.4433"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-105.4433","maxElevationMeters":"1864","minElevationMeters":"1864","northernmostLatitude":"33.5067","southernmostLatitude":"33.5067","westernmostLongitude":"-105.4433"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>New Mexico","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24835","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/newmexico/fort-stanton2012.txt","linkText":"fort-stanton2012.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"present defined as 2010 CE","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"FS-2-2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":25900,"earliestYearBP":25900,"earliestYearCE":-23950,"mostRecentYear":11396,"mostRecentYearBP":11396,"mostRecentYearCE":-9446,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Fort Stanton Cave "}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Fort Stanton Cave, New Mexico Terminal Pleistocene Stalagmite Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Isotope data from stalagmite FS-2, Fort Stanton Cave, New Mexico USA. \nThis dataset includes high-resolution d234U, d13C, and d18O.  These data offer the climatic \nbackdrop of southwestern North America during the terminal Pleistocene mammal extinction period.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12876"}