{"NOAAStudyId":"16357","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-01-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-16357.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":27830,"earliestYearCE":-25880,"entryId":"noaa-cave-16357","funding":[],"investigators":"Ayliffe, L.K.; Gagan, M.K.; Zhao, J.-x.; Drysdale, R.N.; Hellstrom, J.C.; Hantoro, W.S.; Griffiths, M.L.; Scott-Gagan, H; St Pierre, E; Cowley, J.A.; Suwargadi, B.W.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16357","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Recent studies have proposed that millennial-scale reorganization of the ocean-atmosphere circulation drives increased upwelling in the Southern Ocean, leading to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and ice age terminations. Southward migration of the global monsoon is thought to link the hemispheres during deglaciation, but vital evidence from the southern sector of the vast Australasian monsoon system is yet to emerge. Here we present a 230thorium-dated stalagmite oxygen isotope record of millennial-scale changes in Australian–Indonesian monsoon rainfall over the last 31,000 years. The record shows that abrupt southward shifts of the Australian–Indonesian monsoon were synchronous with North Atlantic cold intervals 17,600–11,500 years ago. The most prominent southward shift occurred in lock-step with Heinrich Stadial 1 (17,600–14,600 years ago), and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Our findings show that millennial-scale climate change was transmitted rapidly across Australasia and lend support to the idea that the 3,000-year-long Heinrich 1 interval could have been critical in driving the last deglaciation.","author":{"name":"Ayliffe, L.K., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J-x., Drysdale, R.N., Hellstrom, J.C., Hantoro, W.S., Griffiths, M.L., Scott-Gagan, H., St Pierre, E., Cowley, J.A., Suwargadi, B.W."},"citation":"Ayliffe, L.K., Gagan, M.K., Zhao, J-x., Drysdale, R.N., Hellstrom, J.C., Hantoro, W.S., Griffiths, M.L., Scott-Gagan, H., St Pierre, E., Cowley, J.A., Suwargadi, B.W. 2013. Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation. Nature Communications, 4. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3908","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ncomms3908","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3908"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation","type":"publication","volume":"4"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22937","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-8.533","120.433"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"120.433","maxElevationMeters":"550","minElevationMeters":"550","northernmostLatitude":"-8.533","southernmostLatitude":"-8.533","westernmostLongitude":"120.433"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Indonesia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26406","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/liang-luar-lr06b3-2013.txt","linkText":"liang-luar-lr06b3-2013.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"averaged from multiple samples","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":"one standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"LR06-B3 d18O","dataTableNotes":"Supplementary Table S3. δ18O results for stalagmites from Liang Luar, Flores, Indonesia. δ18O values are reported relative to the Vienna Peedee belemnite (V-PDB) where δ18O = 1000 x [(18O/16O)sample/(18O/16O)V-PBD – 1]. Replicate aliquots of sample powders for LR06-B3 and LR06-C6 were analysed to check for homogeneity.","earliestYear":23890,"earliestYearBP":23890,"earliestYearCE":-21940,"mostRecentYear":20,"mostRecentYearBP":20,"mostRecentYearCE":1930,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26407","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/liang-luar-composite-2013.txt","linkText":"liang-luar-composite-2013.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"resampled at 100-year resolution and averaged to produce a spliced composite record","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":"one standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Composite stalagmite","dataTableNotes":"Supplementary Table S4. Composite stalagmite δ18O record for Flores. Stalagmite δ18O records for Liang Luar are based on data in Supplementary Table S3 and Griffiths, M. L. et al. Increasing Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall linked to early Holocene sea-level rise. Nat. Geosci. 2, 636-639. (2009) and Lewis, S. C. et al. High-resolution stalagmite reconstructions of Australian–Indonesian monsoon rainfall variability during Heinrich stadial 3 and Greenland interstadial 4. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 303, 133-142 (2011). The records were resampled at 100-year resolution and averaged to produce a spliced composite record. Standard errors were calculated for 100-year intervals in overlapping sections of the records.","earliestYear":23900,"earliestYearBP":23900,"earliestYearCE":-21950,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26409","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/liang-luar-lr06c2-2013.txt","linkText":"liang-luar-lr06c2-2013.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"averaged from multiple samples","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"LR06-C2","dataTableNotes":"Supplementary Table S3. δ18O results for stalagmites from Liang Luar, Flores, Indonesia. δ18O values are reported relative to the Vienna Peedee belemnite (V-PDB) where δ18O = 1000 x [(18O/16O)sample/(18O/16O)V-PBD – 1]. Replicate aliquots of sample powders for LR06-B3 and LR06-C6 were analysed to check for homogeneity.","earliestYear":13690,"earliestYearBP":13690,"earliestYearCE":-11740,"mostRecentYear":9990,"mostRecentYearBP":9990,"mostRecentYearCE":-8040,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26410","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/liang-luar-lr06c3-2013.txt","linkText":"liang-luar-lr06c3-2013.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"averaged from multiple samples","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"LR06-C3","dataTableNotes":"Supplementary Table S3. δ18O results for stalagmites from Liang Luar, Flores, Indonesia. δ18O values are reported relative to the Vienna Peedee belemnite (V-PDB) where δ18O = 1000 x [(18O/16O)sample/(18O/16O)V-PBD – 1]. Replicate aliquots of sample powders for LR06-B3 and LR06-C6 were analysed to check for homogeneity.","earliestYear":27830,"earliestYearBP":27830,"earliestYearCE":-25880,"mostRecentYear":20540,"mostRecentYearBP":20540,"mostRecentYearCE":-18590,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26411","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/liang-luar-lr06c5-2013.txt","linkText":"liang-luar-lr06c5-2013.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"averaged from multiple samples","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"LR06-C5","dataTableNotes":"Supplementary Table S3. δ18O results for stalagmites from Liang Luar, Flores, Indonesia. δ18O values are reported relative to the Vienna Peedee belemnite (V-PDB) where δ18O = 1000 x [(18O/16O)sample/(18O/16O)V-PBD – 1]. Replicate aliquots of sample powders for LR06-B3 and LR06-C6 were analysed to check for homogeneity.","earliestYear":22020,"earliestYearBP":22020,"earliestYearCE":-20070,"mostRecentYear":10110,"mostRecentYearBP":10110,"mostRecentYearCE":-8160,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26412","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/liang-luar-lr06c6-2013.txt","linkText":"liang-luar-lr06c6-2013.txt","urlDescription":"Speleothem","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":"one standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"averaged from multiple samples","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"LR06-C6","dataTableNotes":"Supplementary Table S3. δ18O results for stalagmites from Liang Luar, Flores, Indonesia. δ18O values are reported relative to the Vienna Peedee belemnite (V-PDB) where δ18O = 1000 x [(18O/16O)sample/(18O/16O)V-PBD – 1]. Replicate aliquots of sample powders for LR06-B3 and LR06-C6 were analysed to check for homogeneity.","earliestYear":23570,"earliestYearBP":23570,"earliestYearCE":-21620,"mostRecentYear":11840,"mostRecentYearBP":11840,"mostRecentYearCE":-9890,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Liang Luar Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Ayliffe et al. 2013, Liang Luar cave, Indonesia stalagmite d18O data 27.8 kyBP-0","studyNotes":"The data collection contains oxygen isotope (d18O) data for five stalagmite records for Liang Luar cave, Flores, Indonesia covering the period 27.8 kyr BP to the present. The data were published as Supplementary Table S3 and S4 in Ayliffe, L. K. et al. Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation. Nature Communications 4:2908 doi: 10.1038/ncomms3908 (2013). Keywords: Delta 180, monsoon, Pleistocene.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14083"}