{"NOAAStudyId":"16517","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-05-29","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-16517.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":174100,"earliestYearCE":-172150,"entryId":"noaa-cave-16517","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EPSCoR 0814372, EAR 0521196, EAR 0326902, ATM 0703353"}],"investigators":"Lachniet, M.S.; Denniston, R.F.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16517","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The now arid Great Basin of western North America hosted expansive late Quaternary pluvial lakes, yet the climate forcings that sustained large ice age hydrologic variations remain controversial. Here we present a 175,000 year oxygen isotope record from precisely-dated speleothems that documents a previously unrecognized and highly sensitive link between Great Basin climate and orbital forcing. Our data match the phasing and amplitudes of 65°N summer insolation, including the classic saw-tooth pattern of global ice volume and on-time terminations. Together with the observation of cold conditions during the marine isotope substage 5d glacial inception, our data document a strong precessional-scale Milankovitch forcing of southwestern paleoclimate. Because the expansion of pluvial lakes was associated with cold glacial conditions, the reappearance of large lakes in the Great Basin is unlikely until ca. 55,000 years into the future as climate remains in a mild non-glacial state over the next half eccentricity cycle.","author":{"name":"Matthew S. Lachniet, Rhawn F. Denniston, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak"},"citation":"Matthew S. Lachniet, Rhawn F. Denniston, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak. 2014. Orbital control of western North America atmospheric circulation and climate over two glacial cycles. Nature Communications, 5. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4805","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ncomms4805","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4805"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Orbital control of western North America atmospheric circulation and climate over two glacial cycles","type":"publication","volume":"5"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Jeremy D. Shakun, Stephen J. Burns, Peter U. Clark, Hai Cheng and R. Lawrence Edwards"},"citation":"Jeremy D. Shakun, Stephen J. Burns, Peter U. Clark, Hai Cheng and R. Lawrence Edwards. 2011. Milankovitch-paced Termination II in a Nevada speleothem?. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(18). doi: 10.1029/2011GL048560","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2011GL048560","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048560"},"issue":"18","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Milankovitch-paced Termination II in a Nevada speleothem?","type":"publication","volume":"38"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Milankovitch"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55934","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["37.89","-115.58"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-115.58","maxElevationMeters":"2400","minElevationMeters":"2400","northernmostLatitude":"37.89","southernmostLatitude":"37.89","westernmostLongitude":"-115.58"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Nevada","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26678","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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CE","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Leviathan2014LC2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":133200,"earliestYearBP":133200,"earliestYearCE":-131250,"mostRecentYear":128950,"mostRecentYearBP":128950,"mostRecentYearCE":-127000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Leviathan Cave"},{"NOAASiteId":"55935","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.97","-115.5"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-115.5","maxElevationMeters":"1792","minElevationMeters":"1792","northernmostLatitude":"35.97","southernmostLatitude":"35.97","westernmostLongitude":"-115.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Nevada","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26677","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/leviathan2014pc1.txt","linkText":"Stalagmite PC1 Raw d18O","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"present defined as 2000 CE","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Leviathan2014PC1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":20050,"earliestYearBP":20050,"earliestYearCE":-18100,"mostRecentYear":15650,"mostRecentYearBP":15650,"mostRecentYearCE":-13700,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Pinnacle Cave"},{"NOAASiteId":"55936","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["39","-114.2"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-114.2","maxElevationMeters":"2080","minElevationMeters":"2080","northernmostLatitude":"39","southernmostLatitude":"39","westernmostLongitude":"-114.2"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Nevada","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26675","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/leviathan2014lmc14.txt","linkText":"Stalagmite LMC14 Raw d18O","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"present defined as 2000 CE","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Leviathan2014LMC14","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":129300,"earliestYearBP":129300,"earliestYearCE":-127350,"mostRecentYear":105700,"mostRecentYearBP":105700,"mostRecentYearCE":-103750,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26676","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/leviathan2014lmc21.txt","linkText":"Stalagmite LMC21 Raw d18O","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"present defined as 2000 CE","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological 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Information and manuscript text. \r\n\r\nAges reported in years before CE 2000.  d18O is in permil relative to the VPDB scale, based on calibrated internal standards. \r\n\r\nThe updated Leviathan Chronology V2 (2017) is available at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22870","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14245"}