{"NOAAStudyId":"19038","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-07-28","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-19038.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":16400,"earliestYearCE":-14450,"entryId":"noaa-cave-19038","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EAR-1103379"},{"fundingAgency":"Comer Science and Education Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Steponaitis, E.; Andrews, A.; McGee, D.; Quade, J.; Hsieh, Y.-T.; Broecker, W.S.; Shuman, B.N.; Burns, S.J.; Cheng, H.","mostRecentYearBP":3836,"mostRecentYearCE":-1886,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19038","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Lake level records point to dramatic changes in Great Basin water balance over the last 25 ka, but the timing and pace of Holocene drying in the region remains poorly documented. Here we present stable isotope and trace metal data from two Lehman Caves, NV speleothems that provide a well-dated record of latest Pleistocene to mid-Holocene hydroclimate in the U.S. Great Basin. Together the stalagmites span the interval between 16.4 ka and 3.8 ka, with a hiatus from 15.0 ka to 12.7 ka. Mg/Ca and d13C covary throughout the records, consistent with control by the extent of degassing and prior calcite precipitation (PCP); measurements of modern cave and soil waters support PCP as the primary control on drip-water trace-element composition. We therefore interpret Mg/Ca and d13C as reflecting infiltration rates, with higher values corresponding to drier periods. Both Mg/Ca and d13C indicate a wet period at the beginning of the record (12.7-8.2 ka) followed by pronounced drying after 8.2 ka. This mid-Holocene drying is consistent with records from around the western United States, including a new compilation of Great Basin lake-level records. The strong temporal correspondence with the collapse of the Laurentide ice sheet over Hudson Bay suggests that this drying may have been triggered by northward movement of the winter storm track as a result of ice sheet retreat. However, we cannot rule out an alternative hypothesis that wet early Holocene conditions are related to equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature. Regardless, our results suggest that Great Basin water balance in the early Holocene was driven by factors other than orbital changes.","author":{"name":"Steponaitis, Elena; Andrews, Alexandra; McGee, David; Quade, Jay; Hsieh, Yu-Te; Broecker, Wallace S.; Shuman, Bryan N.; Burns, Stephen J.; Cheng, Hai"},"citation":"Steponaitis, Elena; Andrews, Alexandra; McGee, David; Quade, Jay; Hsieh, Yu-Te; Broecker, Wallace S.; Shuman, Bryan N.; Burns, Stephen J.; Cheng, Hai. 2015. Mid-Holocene drying of the U.S. Great Basin recorded in Nevada speleothems. Quaternary Science Reviews. . doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.011","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.011","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.011"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Mid-Holocene drying of the U.S. Great Basin recorded in Nevada speleothems","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56548","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["39.0056","-114.2203"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-114.2203","maxElevationMeters":"2130","minElevationMeters":"2130","northernmostLatitude":"39.0056","southernmostLatitude":"39.0056","westernmostLongitude":"-114.2203"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Nevada","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29494","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/lehman2015cdr3elem.txt","linkText":"Lehman Caves Stalagmite CDR3 Elemental Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"mole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"laser ablation","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"mole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"laser ablation","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Lehman2015CDR3elem","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":16400,"earliestYearBP":16400,"earliestYearCE":-14450,"mostRecentYear":10164,"mostRecentYearBP":10164,"mostRecentYearCE":-8214,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"29495","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/lehman2015cdr3iso.txt","linkText":"Lehman Caves Stalagmite CDR3 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]}],"dataTableName":"Lehman2015CDR3iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":16400,"earliestYearBP":16400,"earliestYearCE":-14450,"mostRecentYear":10170,"mostRecentYearBP":10170,"mostRecentYearCE":-8220,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"29496","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/lehman2015wr11elem.txt","linkText":"Lehman Caves Stalagmite WR11 Elemental Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"mole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"laser ablation","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"mole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"laser ablation","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Lehman2015WR11elem","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":11449,"earliestYearBP":11449,"earliestYearCE":-9499,"mostRecentYear":3977,"mostRecentYearBP":3977,"mostRecentYearCE":-2027,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"29497","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/lehman2015wr11iso.txt","linkText":"Lehman Caves Stalagmite WR11 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Lehman2015WR11iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":11446,"earliestYearBP":11446,"earliestYearCE":-9496,"mostRecentYear":3836,"mostRecentYearBP":3836,"mostRecentYearCE":-1886,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lehman Caves"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lehman Caves, Nevada 16,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope and Elemental Data","studyNotes":"Stable isotope (d18O and d13C) and elemental (Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) records from 2 speleothems (WR11 and CDR3) collected in Lehman Caves, Nevada.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16723"}