{"NOAAStudyId":"19885","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-03-16","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-19885.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":13548,"earliestYearCE":-11598,"entryId":"noaa-cave-19885","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1103385"}],"investigators":"Chen, S.; Hoffmann, S.S.; Lund, D.C.; Cobb, K.M.; Emile-Geay, J.; Adkins, J.F.","mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19885","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the primary driver of interannual climate variability in the tropics and subtropics. Despite substantial progress in understanding ocean-atmosphere feedbacks that drive ENSO today, relatively little is known about its behavior on centennial and longer timescales. Paleoclimate records from lakes, corals, molluscs and deep-sea sediments generally suggest that ENSO variability was weaker during the mid-Holocene (4-6 kyrBP) than the late Holocene (0-4 kyrBP). However, discrepancies amongst the records preclude a clear timeline of Holocene ENSO evolution and therefore the attribution of ENSO variability to specific climate forcing mechanisms. Here we present d18O results from a U-Th dated speleothem in Malaysian Borneo sampled at sub-annual resolution. The d18O of Borneo rainfall is a robust proxy of regional convective intensity and precipitation amount, both of which are directly influenced by ENSO activity. Our estimates of stalagmite d18O variance at ENSO periods (2-7 yr) show a significant reduction in interannual variability during the mid-Holocene (3240-3380 and 5160-5230 yrBP) relative to both the late Holocene (2390-2590 yrBP) and early Holocene (6590-6730 yrBP). The Borneo results are therefore inconsistent with lacustrine records of ENSO from the eastern equatorial Pacific that show little or no ENSO variance during the early Holocene. Instead, our results support coral, mollusc and foraminiferal records from the central and eastern equatorial Pacific that show a mid-Holocene minimum in ENSO variance. Reduced mid-Holocene interannual d18O variability in Borneo coincides with an overall minimum in mean d18O from 3.5 to 5.5 kyrBP. Persistent warm pool convection would tend to enhance the Walker circulation during the mid-Holocene, which likely contributed to reduced ENSO variance during this period. This finding implies that both convective intensity and interannual variability in Borneo are driven by coupled air-sea dynamics that are sensitive to precessional insolation forcing. Isolating the exact mechanisms that drive long-term ENSO evolution will require additional high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstructions and further investigation of Holocene tropical climate evolution using coupled climate models. ","author":{"name":"Sang Chen, Sharon S. Hoffmann, David C. Lund, Kim M. Cobb, Julien Emile-Geay, Jess F. Adkins"},"citation":"Sang Chen, Sharon S. Hoffmann, David C. Lund, Kim M. Cobb, Julien Emile-Geay, Jess F. Adkins. 2016. A high-resolution speleothem record of western equatorial Pacific rainfall: Implications for Holocene ENSO evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 442, 61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.050","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.050","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.050"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"61-71","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A high-resolution speleothem record of western equatorial Pacific rainfall: Implications for Holocene ENSO evolution","type":"publication","volume":"442"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["ENSO"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54970","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["4.2587","114.9649"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"114.9649","maxElevationMeters":"250","minElevationMeters":"250","northernmostLatitude":"4.2587","southernmostLatitude":"4.2587","westernmostLongitude":"114.9649"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Malaysia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30550","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/borneo2016ba03.txt","linkText":"Bukit Assam Cave Stalagmite BA03 High Resolution Holocene d18O Data ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"BA03","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":8317,"earliestYearBP":8317,"earliestYearCE":-6367,"mostRecentYear":2386,"mostRecentYearBP":2386,"mostRecentYearCE":-436,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30563","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/borneo2016ba03enso.txt","linkText":"Bukit Assam Cave Stalagmite BA03 ENSO-band d18O standard deviation ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 0.5-yr resolution and filtered with a 2–7 yr band wavelet filter developed from Torrence and Compo (1998).","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to 0.5-yr resolution and filtered with a 2–7 yr band wavelet filter developed from Torrence and Compo (1998).","cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"interpolated","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"BA03ENSO","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":8298,"earliestYearBP":8298,"earliestYearCE":-6348,"mostRecentYear":2401,"mostRecentYearBP":2401,"mostRecentYearCE":-451,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"33779","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/pacific/borneo2016ba03decadal.txt","linkText":"Bukit Assam Cave Stalagmite BA03 Decadal Resolution d18O and d13C Data ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BA03decadal","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":13548,"earliestYearBP":13548,"earliestYearCE":-11598,"mostRecentYear":-44,"mostRecentYearBP":-44,"mostRecentYearCE":1994,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Bukit Assam Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Borneo High Resolution Holocene Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Subannual oxygen isotope record in six Holocene time windows from stalagmite BA03, Bukit Assam Cave, Borneo, Malaysia, plus decadal average d18O and d13C","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17757"}