{"NOAAStudyId":"20043","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-04-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/speleothem","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-cave-20043.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1458,"earliestYearCE":492,"entryId":"noaa-cave-20043","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1303828, 1103403"},{"fundingAgency":"Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil","fundingGrant":"2012/01187-4, 2009/12902-3, 2012/03942-4, 2014/10095-1"}],"investigators":"Novello, V.F.; Vuille, M.; Cruz, F.W.; Stríkis, N.M.; de Paula, M.S.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H.; Karmann, I.; Jaqueto, P.F.; Trindade, R.I.F.; Hartmann, G.A.; Moquet, J.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-21,"mostRecentYearCE":1971,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20043","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is generally considered to be highly sensitive to Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature variations on multi-centennial timescales. The direct influence of solar forcing on moisture convergence in global monsoon systems on the other hand, while well explored in modeling studies, has hitherto not been documented in proxy data from the SAMS region. Hence little is known about the sensitivity of the SAMS to solar forcing over the past millennium and how it might compete or constructively interfere with NH temperature variations that occurred primarily in response to volcanic forcing. Here we present a new annually-resolved oxygen isotope record from a 1500-year long stalagmite recording past changes in precipitation in the hitherto unsampled core region of the SAMS. This record details how solar variability consistently modulated the strength of the SAMS on centennial time scales during the past 1500 years. Solar forcing, besides the previously recognized influence from NH temperature changes and associated Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts, appears as a major driver affecting SAMS intensity at centennial time scales.","author":{"name":"Valdir F. Novello, Mathias Vuille, Francisco W. Cruz, Nicolás M. Stríkis, Marcos Saito de Paula, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Ivo Karmann, Plínio F. Jaqueto, Ricardo I.F. Trindade, Gelvam A. Hartmann and Jean S. Moquet"},"citation":"Valdir F. Novello, Mathias Vuille, Francisco W. Cruz, Nicolás M. Stríkis, Marcos Saito de Paula, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Ivo Karmann, Plínio F. Jaqueto, Ricardo I.F. Trindade, Gelvam A. Hartmann and Jean S. Moquet. 2016. Centennial-scale solar forcing of the South American Monsoon System recorded in stalagmites. Scientific Reports, 6, 24762. doi: 10.1038/srep24762","edition":"24762","identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep24762","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep24762"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Centennial-scale solar forcing of the South American Monsoon System recorded in stalagmites","type":"publication","volume":"6"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56786","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-15.2055","-56.8113"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-56.8113","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-15.2055","southernmostLatitude":"-15.2055","westernmostLongitude":"-56.8113"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Brazil","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30715","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/brazil/alho2016.txt","linkText":"Pau d'Alho Cave Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Alho2016ALHO6","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":492,"earliestYearBP":1458,"earliestYearCE":492,"mostRecentYear":1860,"mostRecentYearBP":90,"mostRecentYearCE":1860,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Pau d'Alho Cave"},{"NOAASiteId":"56787","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-15.2003","-56.7839"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-56.7839","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-15.2003","southernmostLatitude":"-15.2003","westernmostLongitude":"-56.7839"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Brazil","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30714","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>speleothems>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/brazil/curupira2016.txt","linkText":"Curupira Cave Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"SPELEOTHEMS","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Curupira2016CUR4","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1795,"earliestYearBP":155,"earliestYearCE":1795,"mostRecentYear":1971,"mostRecentYearBP":-21,"mostRecentYearCE":1971,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Curupira Cave"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Midwest Brazil 1,500 Year Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data","studyNotes":"High-resolution (near annual) 1,500-year speleothem oxygen isotope (d18O) data from stalagmites collected in two caves (Curupira and Pau d'Alho) located near Rosário Oeste City, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, as a paleorainfall proxy.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17879"}